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D(2) dopamine
receptor
Voltage-
dependent
P/Q-type
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-1A
Voltage-
dependent
L-type calcium
channel subunit
beta-1
Voltage-
dependent
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-2/delta-2
Sodium-
dependent
dopamine
transporter
Synaptic
vesicular amine
transporter
Aromatic-L-
amino-acid
decarboxylase
Tyrosine
3-monooxygenase
Dopamine
Ca
+
Paliperidone
Ca
+
Dopamine
Dopamine
Paliperidone
Paliperidone
L-Dopa
CO
2
L-Tyrosine
Tetrahydrobiopterin
O
2
Dihydrobiopterin
H
2
O
Na
+
Na
+
Pyridoxal
5'-phosphate
Gi signaling
cascade
Fe2+
Cytosol
Postsynaptic Neuron
Presynaptic Neuron
Cytosol
Synaptic Vesicle
Synapse
Paliperidone is an active
metabolite of risperidone
and a D2 receptor
antagonist.
↓ Positive, negative and
cognitive symptoms of
schizophrenia
Excess dopamine in the brain
triggers positive symptoms
of schizophrenia
Brain
Mesolimbic pathway
Blood vessel - blood brain
barrier
Passive Diffusion
Paliperidone is taken orally
and absorbed from the
gastrointestinal tract
DRD2
CACNA1A
CACNB1
CACNA2D2
SLC6A3
SLC18A2
DDC
TH
Dopamine
Calcium
Paliperidone
Calcium
Dopamine
Dopamine
Paliperidone
Paliperidone
L-Dopa
Carbon dioxide
L-Tyrosine
Tetrahydrobiopterin
Oxygen
Dihydrobiopterin
Water
Sodium
Sodium
Gi signaling
cascade
DRD2
CACNA1A
CACNB1
CACNA2D2
SLC6A3
SLC18A2
DDC
TH
LDP
Ca
+
Invega
Ca
+
LDP
LDP
Invega
Invega
L-Dopa
CO
2
Tyr
BH4
O
2
BH3
H
2
O
Na
+
Na
+
Pyr-5'P
Gi si c
Fe2+
Cytosol
Postsynaptic Neuron
Presynaptic Neuron
Cytosol
Synaptic Vesicle
Synapse
Paliperidone is an active
metabolite of risperidone
and a D2 receptor
antagonist.
↓ Positive, negative and
cognitive symptoms of
schizophrenia
Excess dopamine in the brain
triggers positive symptoms
of schizophrenia
Brain
Mesolimbic pathway
Blood vessel - blood brain
barrier
Passive Diffusion
Paliperidone is taken orally
and absorbed from the
gastrointestinal tract
DRD2
CACNA1A