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D(2) dopamine
receptor
Voltage-
dependent
P/Q-type
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-1A
Voltage-
dependent
L-type calcium
channel subunit
beta-1
Voltage-
dependent
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-2/delta-2
Sodium-
dependent
dopamine
transporter
Synaptic
vesicular amine
transporter
Aromatic-L-
amino-acid
decarboxylase
Tyrosine
3-monooxygenase
Dopamine
Ca
+
Haloperidol
Ca
+
Dopamine
Dopamine
Haloperidol
Haloperidol
L-Dopa
CO
2
L-Tyrosine
Tetrahydrobiopterin
O
2
Dihydrobiopterin
H
2
O
Na
+
Na
+
Pyridoxal
5'-phosphate
Gi signaling
cascade
Fe2+
Cytosol
Postsynaptic Neuron
Presynaptic Neuron
Cytosol
Synaptic Vesicle
Synapse
Haloperidol is a D2 receptor
antagonist. Dopamine
receptors in the mesolimbic
pathway are responsible for
producing the positive
symptoms in schizophrenia
↓ Positive, negative and
cognitive symptoms of
schizophrenia
Excess dopamine in the brain
triggers positive symptoms
of schizophrenia
Brain
Mesolimbic pathway
Blood vessel - blood brain
barrier
presynaptic neuron arising
from ventral tegmental area
Postsynaptic neuron arising
from nucleus accumbens
Passive diffusion
Haloperidol is taken orally
and absorbed from the
gastrointestinal tract
when action potential
arrives to the nerve
terminal, calcium channels
open causing influx of
calcium ions which trigger
the release of dopamine via
exocytosis.
DRD2
CACNA1A
CACNB1
CACNA2D2
SLC6A3
SLC18A2
DDC
TH
Dopamine
Calcium
Haloperidol
Calcium
Dopamine
Dopamine
Haloperidol
Haloperidol
L-Dopa
Carbon dioxide
L-Tyrosine
Tetrahydrobiopterin
Oxygen
Dihydrobiopterin
Water
Sodium
Sodium
Gi signaling
cascade
DRD2
CACNA1A
CACNB1
CACNA2D2
SLC6A3
SLC18A2
DDC
TH
LDP
Ca
+
Haldol
Ca
+
LDP
LDP
Haldol
Haldol
L-Dopa
CO
2
Tyr
BH4
O
2
BH3
H
2
O
Na
+
Na
+
Pyr-5'P
Gi si c
Fe2+
Cytosol
Postsynaptic Neuron
Presynaptic Neuron
Cytosol
Synaptic Vesicle
Synapse
Haloperidol is a D2 receptor
antagonist. Dopamine
receptors in the mesolimbic
pathway are responsible for
producing the positive
symptoms in schizophrenia
↓ Positive, negative and
cognitive symptoms of
schizophrenia
Excess dopamine in the brain
triggers positive symptoms
of schizophrenia
Brain
Mesolimbic pathway
Blood vessel - blood brain
barrier
presynaptic neuron arising
from ventral tegmental area
Postsynaptic neuron arising
from nucleus accumbens
Passive diffusion
Haloperidol is taken orally
and absorbed from the
gastrointestinal tract
when action potential
arrives to the nerve
terminal, calcium channels
open causing influx of
calcium ions which trigger
the release of dopamine via
exocytosis.
DRD2
CACNA1A
CACNB1
CACNA2D2
SLC6A3
SLC18A2