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Pathway Description
Sulfacetamide Action Pathway
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Drug Action
Created: 2023-08-28
Last Updated: 2025-05-31
Sulfacetamide is an anti-infective agent from the sulfonamide drug class (antibiotic). This drug can be used topically to treat skin infections (acne vulgaris), as well as orally to treat urinary tract infections. It is also indicated in the treatment of bacterial vaginitis, keratitis, acute conjunctivitis, and blepharitis. Sulfacetamide is a bacteriostatic drug, it stops the replication of the bacteria. This molecule binds to the dihydropteroate synthase protein in a wide-spectrum activity against most gram-positive and many gram-negative organisms. The inhibited enzyme is essential for the synthesis of folic acid from para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) molecules. Folic acids are essential for the growth of the bacteria.
References
Sulfacetamide Pathway References
Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Guo AC, Lo EJ, Marcu A, Grant JR, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Sayeeda Z, Assempour N, Iynkkaran I, Liu Y, Maciejewski A, Gale N, Wilson A, Chin L, Cummings R, Le D, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M: DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1037.
Pubmed: 29126136
Hull CA, Johnson SM: A double-blind comparative study of sodium sulfacetamide lotion 10% versus selenium sulfide lotion 2.5% in the treatment of pityriasis (tinea) versicolor. Cutis. 2004 Jun;73(6):425-9.
Pubmed: 15224788
Del Rosso JQ: Evaluating the role of topical therapies in the management of rosacea: focus on combination sodium sulfacetamide and sulfur formulations. Cutis. 2004 Jan;73(1 Suppl):29-33.
Pubmed: 14959943
Roth HW, Leimbeck R, Sonnenschein B, Anger CB, Weber S: [The effective antibacterial spectrum of sulfacetamide]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1992 Mar;200(3):182-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1045735.
Pubmed: 1578876
Hevener KE, Zhao W, Ball DM, Babaoglu K, Qi J, White SW, Lee RE: Validation of molecular docking programs for virtual screening against dihydropteroate synthase. J Chem Inf Model. 2009 Feb;49(2):444-60. doi: 10.1021/ci800293n.
Pubmed: 19434845
Swedberg G, Fermer C, Skold O: Point mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase gene causing sulfonamide resistance. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1993;338:555-8. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2960-6_113.
Pubmed: 8304179
Dallas WS, Gowen JE, Ray PH, Cox MJ, Dev IK: Cloning, sequencing, and enhanced expression of the dihydropteroate synthase gene of Escherichia coli MC4100. J Bacteriol. 1992 Sep;174(18):5961-70. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.18.5961-5970.1992.
Pubmed: 1522070
Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.
Pubmed: 9278503
Bognar AL, Osborne C, Shane B: Primary structure of the Escherichia coli folC gene and its folylpolyglutamate synthetase-dihydrofolate synthetase product and regulation of expression by an upstream gene. J Biol Chem. 1987 Sep 5;262(25):12337-43.
Pubmed: 3040739
Kimlova LJ, Pyne C, Keshavjee K, Huy J, Beebakhee G, Bognar AL: Mutagenesis of the folC gene encoding folylpolyglutamate synthetase-dihydrofolate synthetase in Escherichia coli. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1991 Jan;284(1):9-16. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(91)90254-g.
Pubmed: 1989505
Nonet ML, Marvel CC, Tolan DR: The hisT-purF region of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome. Identification of additional genes of the hisT and purF operons. J Biol Chem. 1987 Sep 5;262(25):12209-17.
Pubmed: 3040734
Bennett CD, Rodkey JA, Sondey JM, Hirschmann R: Dihydrofolate reductase: the amino acid sequence of the enzyme from a methotrexate-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli. Biochemistry. 1978 Apr 4;17(7):1328-37. doi: 10.1021/bi00600a030.
Pubmed: 350268
Stone D, Phillips AW, Burchall JJ: The amino-acid sequence of the dihydrofolate reductase of a trimethoprim-resistant strain of Escherichia coli. Eur J Biochem. 1977 Feb;72(3):613-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11284.x.
Pubmed: 320005
Smith DR, Calvo JM: Nucleotide sequence of the E coli gene coding for dihydrofolate reductase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 May 24;8(10):2255-74. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.10.2255.
Pubmed: 6159575
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