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Pathway Description
Sulfaphenazole Action Pathway
Mycobacterium leprae
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Drug Action
Created: 2023-08-29
Last Updated: 2023-11-27
Sulfaphenazole is a synthetic antibacterial from the sulfonamide drug class. This drug is indicated for the treatment of many different bacterial infections like leprosy. It is used in humans and many animals. Sulfaphenazole acts as a competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS). This enzyme does the condensation of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and dihydropteroate diphosphate. This reaction, and the ones following, results in the synthesis of folate. Folate is an important molecule for the growth of the bacteria. The inhibition of their synthesis results in the inhibition of their growth and, in the long term, their death.
References
Sulfaphenazole Pathway References
Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Guo AC, Lo EJ, Marcu A, Grant JR, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Sayeeda Z, Assempour N, Iynkkaran I, Liu Y, Maciejewski A, Gale N, Wilson A, Chin L, Cummings R, Le D, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M: DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1037.
Pubmed: 29126136
Hong YL, Hossler PA, Calhoun DH, Meshnick SR: Inhibition of recombinant Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthetase by sulfa drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995 Aug;39(8):1756-63. doi: 10.1128/AAC.39.8.1756.
Pubmed: 7486915
Friaza V, Morilla R, Respaldiza N, de la Horra C, Calderon EJ: Pneumocystis jiroveci dihydropteroate synthase gene mutations among colonized individuals and Pneumocystis pneumonia patients from Spain. Postgrad Med. 2010 Nov;122(6):24-8. doi: 10.3810/pgm.2010.11.2219.
Pubmed: 21084778
Thijssen HH: A simplified radioassay method of dihydropteroate synthetase activity in Escherichia coli and its application for an inhibition study of p-aminobenzoi acid derivatives. Anal Biochem. 1973 Jun;53(2):579-85. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(73)90109-7.
Pubmed: 4577373
Turner CT, Pawluk M, Bolsoni J, Zeglinski MR, Shen Y, Zhao H, Ponomarev T, Richardson KC, West CR, Papp A, Granville DJ: Sulfaphenazole reduces thermal and pressure injury severity through rapid restoration of tissue perfusion. Sci Rep. 2022 Jul 23;12(1):12622. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16512-9.
Pubmed: 35871073
Odegaard SA: Pharmacokinetics of sulfaphenazole in sheep. Acta Vet Scand. 1986;27(2):243-9. doi: 10.1186/BF03548168.
Pubmed: 3799400
Swedberg G, Fermer C, Skold O: Point mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase gene causing sulfonamide resistance. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1993;338:555-8. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2960-6_113.
Pubmed: 8304179
Dallas WS, Gowen JE, Ray PH, Cox MJ, Dev IK: Cloning, sequencing, and enhanced expression of the dihydropteroate synthase gene of Escherichia coli MC4100. J Bacteriol. 1992 Sep;174(18):5961-70. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.18.5961-5970.1992.
Pubmed: 1522070
Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.
Pubmed: 9278503
Bognar AL, Osborne C, Shane B: Primary structure of the Escherichia coli folC gene and its folylpolyglutamate synthetase-dihydrofolate synthetase product and regulation of expression by an upstream gene. J Biol Chem. 1987 Sep 5;262(25):12337-43.
Pubmed: 3040739
Kimlova LJ, Pyne C, Keshavjee K, Huy J, Beebakhee G, Bognar AL: Mutagenesis of the folC gene encoding folylpolyglutamate synthetase-dihydrofolate synthetase in Escherichia coli. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1991 Jan;284(1):9-16. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(91)90254-g.
Pubmed: 1989505
Nonet ML, Marvel CC, Tolan DR: The hisT-purF region of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome. Identification of additional genes of the hisT and purF operons. J Biol Chem. 1987 Sep 5;262(25):12209-17.
Pubmed: 3040734
Bennett CD, Rodkey JA, Sondey JM, Hirschmann R: Dihydrofolate reductase: the amino acid sequence of the enzyme from a methotrexate-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli. Biochemistry. 1978 Apr 4;17(7):1328-37. doi: 10.1021/bi00600a030.
Pubmed: 350268
Stone D, Phillips AW, Burchall JJ: The amino-acid sequence of the dihydrofolate reductase of a trimethoprim-resistant strain of Escherichia coli. Eur J Biochem. 1977 Feb;72(3):613-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11284.x.
Pubmed: 320005
Smith DR, Calvo JM: Nucleotide sequence of the E coli gene coding for dihydrofolate reductase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 May 24;8(10):2255-74. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.10.2255.
Pubmed: 6159575
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