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Pathway Description
Sulfoxone Action Pathway
Mycobacterium leprae
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Drug Action
Created: 2023-08-30
Last Updated: 2023-11-27
Sulfoxone, also known as aldesulfone sodium, is a sulfonamide antibiotic with bacteriostatic activity. It is indicated in the treatment of leprosy and dermatitis herpetiformis. Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Sulfoxone inhibits the growth of the bacteria by inhibiting competitively the dihydropteroate synthase enzyme. This results in the inability to bind the substrate, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) resulting in the inability of the bacteria to do the synthesis of folic acid. Without folic acid, the bacteria can not grow because it can not produce DNA anymore. Right now this drug has been discontinued. It is administered as an oral tablet.
References
Sulfoxone Pathway References
Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Guo AC, Lo EJ, Marcu A, Grant JR, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Sayeeda Z, Assempour N, Iynkkaran I, Liu Y, Maciejewski A, Gale N, Wilson A, Chin L, Cummings R, Le D, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M: DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1037.
Pubmed: 29126136
Katz SI: "Sulfoxone (Diasone) sodium for dermatitis herpetiformis" by Cornbleet, December 1951. Commentary: Sulfoxone (Diasone) in the treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis. Arch Dermatol. 1982 Oct;118(10):805-12. doi: 10.1001/archderm.118.10.805.
Pubmed: 6753759
Takahashi T: [Mutations of drug target molecules in Pneumocystis jirovecii isolates and future investigations]. Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi. 2009;50(2):67-73. doi: 10.3314/jjmm.50.067.
Pubmed: 19430180
Peters JH, Murray JF Jr, Gordon GR: The disposition of sulfoxone and solasulfone in leprosy patients. Lepr Rev. 1975 Sep;46(3):171-80. doi: 10.5935/0305-7518.19750018.
Pubmed: 171530
Swedberg G, Fermer C, Skold O: Point mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase gene causing sulfonamide resistance. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1993;338:555-8. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2960-6_113.
Pubmed: 8304179
Dallas WS, Gowen JE, Ray PH, Cox MJ, Dev IK: Cloning, sequencing, and enhanced expression of the dihydropteroate synthase gene of Escherichia coli MC4100. J Bacteriol. 1992 Sep;174(18):5961-70. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.18.5961-5970.1992.
Pubmed: 1522070
Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.
Pubmed: 9278503
Bognar AL, Osborne C, Shane B: Primary structure of the Escherichia coli folC gene and its folylpolyglutamate synthetase-dihydrofolate synthetase product and regulation of expression by an upstream gene. J Biol Chem. 1987 Sep 5;262(25):12337-43.
Pubmed: 3040739
Kimlova LJ, Pyne C, Keshavjee K, Huy J, Beebakhee G, Bognar AL: Mutagenesis of the folC gene encoding folylpolyglutamate synthetase-dihydrofolate synthetase in Escherichia coli. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1991 Jan;284(1):9-16. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(91)90254-g.
Pubmed: 1989505
Nonet ML, Marvel CC, Tolan DR: The hisT-purF region of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome. Identification of additional genes of the hisT and purF operons. J Biol Chem. 1987 Sep 5;262(25):12209-17.
Pubmed: 3040734
Bennett CD, Rodkey JA, Sondey JM, Hirschmann R: Dihydrofolate reductase: the amino acid sequence of the enzyme from a methotrexate-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli. Biochemistry. 1978 Apr 4;17(7):1328-37. doi: 10.1021/bi00600a030.
Pubmed: 350268
Stone D, Phillips AW, Burchall JJ: The amino-acid sequence of the dihydrofolate reductase of a trimethoprim-resistant strain of Escherichia coli. Eur J Biochem. 1977 Feb;72(3):613-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11284.x.
Pubmed: 320005
Smith DR, Calvo JM: Nucleotide sequence of the E coli gene coding for dihydrofolate reductase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 May 24;8(10):2255-74. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.10.2255.
Pubmed: 6159575
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