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Pathway Description
Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PE(22:2(13Z,16Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))
Mus musculus
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2023-10-01
Last Updated: 2023-10-02
Phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) are a class of phospholipids that incorporate a phosphoric acid headgroup into a diacylglycerol backbone. They are the second most abundant phospholipid in eukaryotic cell membranes, and contrary to phosphatidylcholine, it is concentrated with phosphatidylserine in the cell membrane's inner leaflet. In Homo sapiens, there exist two phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis pathways. In the visualization, all enzymes that are dark green in colour are membrane-localized. The first pathway synthesizes phosphatidylethanolamine from ethanolamine via the Kennedy pathway. First, the cytosol-localized enzyme choline/ethanolamine kinase catalyzes the conversion of choline into phosphocholine. Second, choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, catalyzes the conversion of phosphocholine to CDP-choline. Last, choline/ethanolaminephosphotransferase catalyzes phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from CDP-choline. It requires either magnesium or manganese ions as cofactors. Phosphatidylethanolamine is also synthesized from phosphatidylserine at the mitochondrial inner membrane by phosphatidylserine decarboxylase. Phosphatidylserine, itself, is synthesized using a base-exchange reaction with phosphatidylcholine. This reaction is catalyzed by phosphatidylserine synthase which is located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
References
Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PE(22:2(13Z,16Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) References
Aoyama C, Nakashima K, Ishidate K: Molecular cloning of mouse choline kinase and choline/ethanolamine kinase: their sequence comparison to the respective rat homologs. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Jul 31;1393(1):179-85. doi: 10.1016/s0005-2760(98)00062-9.
Pubmed: 9714798
Aoyama C, Yamazaki N, Terada H, Ishidate K: Structure and characterization of the genes for murine choline/ethanolamine kinase isozymes alpha and beta. J Lipid Res. 2000 Mar;41(3):452-64.
Pubmed: 10706593
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Pubmed: 19468303
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Pubmed: 15489334
Huttlin EL, Jedrychowski MP, Elias JE, Goswami T, Rad R, Beausoleil SA, Villen J, Haas W, Sowa ME, Gygi SP: A tissue-specific atlas of mouse protein phosphorylation and expression. Cell. 2010 Dec 23;143(7):1174-89. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.12.001.
Pubmed: 21183079
Stone SJ, Cui Z, Vance JE: Cloning and expression of mouse liver phosphatidylserine synthase-1 cDNA. Overexpression in rat hepatoma cells inhibits the CDP-ethanolamine pathway for phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis. J Biol Chem. 1998 Mar 27;273(13):7293-302. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.13.7293.
Pubmed: 9516423
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Pubmed: 16141072
Zborowski J, Dygas A, Wojtczak L: Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase is located on the external side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. FEBS Lett. 1983 Jun 27;157(1):179-82. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(83)81141-7.
Pubmed: 6862014
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0015701
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