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Pathway Description
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/14:1(9Z))
Rattus norvegicus
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2023-10-22
Last Updated: 2024-01-26
Phosphatidylcholines (PC) are a class of phospholipids that incorporate a phosphocholine headgroup into a diacylglycerol backbone. They are the most abundant phospholipid in eukaryotic cell membranes and has both structural and signalling roles. In eukaryotes, there exist two phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis pathways: the Kennedy pathway and the methylation pathway. The Kennedy pathway begins with the direct phosphorylation of free choline into phosphocholine followed by conversion into CDP-choline and subsequently phosphatidylcholine. It is the major synthesis route in animals. The methylation pathway involves the 3 successive methylations of phosphatidylethanolamine to form phosphatidylcholine. The first reaction of the Kennedy pathway involves the cytosol-localized enzyme choline/ethanolamine kinase catalyzing the conversion of choline into phosphocholine. Second, choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, catalyzes the conversion of phosphocholine to CDP-choline. Last, choline/ethanolaminephosphotransferase catalyzes phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from CDP-choline. It requires either magnesium or manganese ions as cofactors. A parallel Kennedy pathway forms phosphatidylethanolamine from ethanolamine - the only difference being a different enzyme, ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, catalyzing the second step. Phosphatidylethanolamine is also synthesized from phosphatidylserine in the mitochondrial membrane by phosphatidylserine decarboxylase. Phosphatidylethanolamine funnels into the methylation pathway in which phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) then catalyzes three sequential N-methylation steps to convert phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine. PEMT uses S-adenosyl-L-methionine as a methyl donor.
References
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/14:1(9Z)) References
Bladergroen BA, Houweling M, Geelen MJ, van Golde LM: Cloning and expression of CTP:phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase cDNA from rat liver. Biochem J. 1999 Oct 1;343 Pt 1:107-14.
Pubmed: 10493918
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Pubmed: 22673903
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Pubmed: 15057822
Florea L, Di Francesco V, Miller J, Turner R, Yao A, Harris M, Walenz B, Mobarry C, Merkulov GV, Charlab R, Dew I, Deng Z, Istrail S, Li P, Sutton G: Gene and alternative splicing annotation with AIR. Genome Res. 2005 Jan;15(1):54-66. doi: 10.1101/gr.2889405.
Pubmed: 15632090
Cui Z, Vance JE, Chen MH, Voelker DR, Vance DE: Cloning and expression of a novel phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. A specific biochemical and cytological marker for a unique membrane fraction in rat liver. J Biol Chem. 1993 Aug 5;268(22):16655-63.
Pubmed: 8344945
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0014941
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