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Pathway Description
Cardiolipin Biosynthesis CL(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))
Mus musculus
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2024-10-22
Last Updated: 2024-10-22
Cardiolipin (CL) is an important component of the inner mitochondrial membrane where it constitutes about 20% of the total lipid composition. It is essential for the optimal function of numerous enzymes that are involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism (Wikipedia). Cardiolipin biosynthesis occurs mainly in the mitochondria, but there also exists an alternative synthesis route for CDP-diacylglycerol that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum. This second route may supplement this pathway. All membrane-localized enzymes are coloured dark green in the image. First, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (or glycerone phosphate) from glycolysis is used by the cytosolic enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] to synthesize sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. Second, the mitochondrial outer membrane enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase esterifies an acyl-group to the sn-1 position of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LPA). Third, the enzyme 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase converts LPA into phosphatidic acid (PA or 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) by esterifying an acyl-group to the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. PA is then transferred to the inner mitochondrial membrane to continue cardiolipin synthesis. Fourth, magnesium-dependent phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase catalyzes the conversion of PA into CDP-diacylglycerol. Fifth, CDP-diacylglycerol--glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase synthesizes phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PGP). Sixth, phosphatidylglycerophosphatase and protein-tyrosine phosphatase dephosphorylates PGP to form phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Last, cardiolipin synthase catalyzes the synthesis of cardiolipin by transferring a phosphatidyl group from a second CDP-diacylglycerol to PG. It requires a divalent metal cation cofactor.
References
Cardiolipin Biosynthesis CL(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) References
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Pubmed: 3027100
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Pubmed: 3755721
Phillips M, Djian P, Green H: The nucleotide sequence of three genes participating in the adipose differentiation of 3T3 cells. J Biol Chem. 1986 Aug 15;261(23):10821-7.
Pubmed: 3015943
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Pubmed: 1721057
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Pubmed: 16141072
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Pubmed: 15489334
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Pubmed: 15367102
Lee J, Xu Y, Chen Y, Sprung R, Kim SC, Xie S, Zhao Y: Mitochondrial phosphoproteome revealed by an improved IMAC method and MS/MS/MS. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007 Apr;6(4):669-76. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M600218-MCP200. Epub 2007 Jan 5.
Pubmed: 17208939
Church DM, Goodstadt L, Hillier LW, Zody MC, Goldstein S, She X, Bult CJ, Agarwala R, Cherry JL, DiCuccio M, Hlavina W, Kapustin Y, Meric P, Maglott D, Birtle Z, Marques AC, Graves T, Zhou S, Teague B, Potamousis K, Churas C, Place M, Herschleb J, Runnheim R, Forrest D, Amos-Landgraf J, Schwartz DC, Cheng Z, Lindblad-Toh K, Eichler EE, Ponting CP: Lineage-specific biology revealed by a finished genome assembly of the mouse. PLoS Biol. 2009 May 5;7(5):e1000112. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000112. Epub 2009 May 26.
Pubmed: 19468303
Pagliarini DJ, Worby CA, Dixon JE: A PTEN-like phosphatase with a novel substrate specificity. J Biol Chem. 2004 Sep 10;279(37):38590-6. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M404959200. Epub 2004 Jul 9.
Pubmed: 15247229
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Pubmed: 21183079
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0247294
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