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Pathway Description
Threonine Biosynthesis
Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2024-12-25
Last Updated: 2025-06-05
The biosynthesis of threonine starts with oxalacetic acid interacting with an L-glutamic acid through an aspartate aminotransferase resulting in a oxoglutaric acid and an L-aspartic acid. The latter compound is then phosphorylated by an ATP driven Aspartate kinase resulting in an a release of an ADP and an L-aspartyl-4-phosphate. L-aspartyl-4-phosphate then interacts with a hydrogen ion through an NADPH driven aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase resulting in the release of a phosphate, an NADP and a L-aspartate-semialdehyde. The latter compound interacts with a hydrogen ion through a NADPH driven aspartate kinase / homoserine dehydrogenase resulting in the release of an NADP and a L-homoserine. L-homoserine is phosphorylated through an ATP driven homoserine kinase resulting in the release of an ADP, a hydrogen ion and a O-phosphohomoserine. O-phosphohomoserine then interacts with a water molecule and threonine synthase resulting in the release of a phosphate and an L-threonine.
References
Threonine Biosynthesis References
Kuramitsu S, Okuno S, Ogawa T, Ogawa H, Kagamiyama H: Aspartate aminotransferase of Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence of the aspC gene. J Biochem. 1985 Apr;97(4):1259-62. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a135173.
Pubmed: 3897210
Fotheringham IG, Dacey SA, Taylor PP, Smith TJ, Hunter MG, Finlay ME, Primrose SB, Parker DM, Edwards RM: The cloning and sequence analysis of the aspC and tyrB genes from Escherichia coli K12. Comparison of the primary structures of the aspartate aminotransferase and aromatic aminotransferase of E. coli with those of the pig aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes. Biochem J. 1986 Mar 15;234(3):593-604. doi: 10.1042/bj2340593.
Pubmed: 3521591
Kondo K, Wakabayashi S, Yagi T, Kagamiyama H: The complete amino acid sequence of aspartate aminotransferase from Escherichia coli: sequence comparison with pig isoenzymes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1984 Jul 18;122(1):62-7. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)90439-x.
Pubmed: 6378205
Cassan M, Parsot C, Cohen GN, Patte JC: Nucleotide sequence of lysC gene encoding the lysine-sensitive aspartokinase III of Escherichia coli K12. Evolutionary pathway leading to three isofunctional enzymes. J Biol Chem. 1986 Jan 25;261(3):1052-7.
Pubmed: 3003049
Cassan M, Ronceray J, Patte JC: Nucleotide sequence of the promoter region of the E. coli lysC gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Sep 24;11(18):6157-66. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.18.6157.
Pubmed: 6312411
Blattner FR, Burland V, Plunkett G 3rd, Sofia HJ, Daniels DL: Analysis of the Escherichia coli genome. IV. DNA sequence of the region from 89.2 to 92.8 minutes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Nov 25;21(23):5408-17. doi: 10.1093/nar/21.23.5408.
Pubmed: 8265357
Haziza C, Stragier P, Patte JC: Nucleotide sequence of the asd gene of Escherichia coli: absence of a typical attenuation signal. EMBO J. 1982;1(3):379-84.
Pubmed: 6143662
Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.
Pubmed: 9278503
Hayashi K, Morooka N, Yamamoto Y, Fujita K, Isono K, Choi S, Ohtsubo E, Baba T, Wanner BL, Mori H, Horiuchi T: Highly accurate genome sequences of Escherichia coli K-12 strains MG1655 and W3110. Mol Syst Biol. 2006;2:2006.0007. doi: 10.1038/msb4100049. Epub 2006 Feb 21.
Pubmed: 16738553
Zakin MM, Duchange N, Ferrara P, Cohen GN: Nucleotide sequence of the metL gene of Escherichia coli. Its product, the bifunctional aspartokinase ii-homoserine dehydrogenase II, and the bifunctional product of the thrA gene, aspartokinase I-homoserine dehydrogenase I, derive from a common ancestor. J Biol Chem. 1983 Mar 10;258(5):3028-31.
Pubmed: 6298218
Plunkett G 3rd, Burland V, Daniels DL, Blattner FR: Analysis of the Escherichia coli genome. III. DNA sequence of the region from 87.2 to 89.2 minutes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Jul 25;21(15):3391-8. doi: 10.1093/nar/21.15.3391.
Pubmed: 8346018
Katinka M, Cossart P, Sibilli L, Saint-Girons I, Chalvignac MA, Le Bras G, Cohen GN, Yaniv M: Nucleotide sequence of the thrA gene of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Oct;77(10):5730-3. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.10.5730.
Pubmed: 7003595
Cossart P, Katinka M, Yaniv M, Saint Girons I, Cohen GN: Construction and expression of a hybrid plasmid containing the Escherichia coli thrA and thrB genes. Mol Gen Genet. 1979 Aug;175(1):39-44. doi: 10.1007/bf00267853.
Pubmed: 390305
Cossart P, Katinka M, Yaniv M: Nucleotide sequence of the thrB gene of E. coli, and its two adjacent regions; the thrAB and thrBC junctions. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jan 24;9(2):339-47. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.2.339.
Pubmed: 6259626
Yura T, Mori H, Nagai H, Nagata T, Ishihama A, Fujita N, Isono K, Mizobuchi K, Nakata A: Systematic sequencing of the Escherichia coli genome: analysis of the 0-2.4 min region. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Jul 11;20(13):3305-8. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.13.3305.
Pubmed: 1630901
Burland V, Plunkett G 3rd, Sofia HJ, Daniels DL, Blattner FR: Analysis of the Escherichia coli genome VI: DNA sequence of the region from 92.8 through 100 minutes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Jun 25;23(12):2105-19. doi: 10.1093/nar/23.12.2105.
Pubmed: 7610040
Aronson BD, Somerville RL, Epperly BR, Dekker EE: The primary structure of Escherichia coli L-threonine dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem. 1989 Mar 25;264(9):5226-32.
Pubmed: 2647748
Sofia HJ, Burland V, Daniels DL, Plunkett G 3rd, Blattner FR: Analysis of the Escherichia coli genome. V. DNA sequence of the region from 76.0 to 81.5 minutes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Jul 11;22(13):2576-86. doi: 10.1093/nar/22.13.2576.
Pubmed: 8041620
Aronson BD, Ravnikar PD, Somerville RL: Nucleotide sequence of the 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase (kbl) gene of E. coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Apr 25;16(8):3586. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.8.3586.
Pubmed: 3287333
Parsot C, Cossart P, Saint-Girons I, Cohen GN: Nucleotide sequence of thrC and of the transcription termination region of the threonine operon in Escherichia coli K12. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Nov 11;11(21):7331-45. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.21.7331.
Pubmed: 6316258
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000837
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