Loading Pathway...
Error: Pathway image not found.
Hide
Pathway Description
Putrescine Degradation II
Escherichia coli K-12
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2025-02-03
Last Updated: 2025-07-29
This pathway demonstrates the degradation of extracellular putrescine in E.coli. Putrescine is imported by putrescine transporter (encoded by puuP gene). Putrescine is γ-glutamylated by activation of ATP which generates γ-glutamyl-putrescine, phosphate, and ADP. γ-glutamyl-putrescine is oxidized by gamma-glutamylputrescine oxidoreductase to form γ-glutamyl-γ-butyraldehyde, also produce ammonium and water. Gamma-glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase dehydrogenates γ-glutamyl-γ-butyraldehyde to γ-glutamyl-γ-aminobutyrate, which is then dehydrogenated into γ-Aminobutyric acid and L-Glutamic acid by γ-glutamyl-γ-aminobutyrate hydrolase.
References
Putrescine Degradation II References
Aiba H, Baba T, Hayashi K, Inada T, Isono K, Itoh T, Kasai H, Kashimoto K, Kimura S, Kitakawa M, Kitagawa M, Makino K, Miki T, Mizobuchi K, Mori H, Mori T, Motomura K, Nakade S, Nakamura Y, Nashimoto H, Nishio Y, Oshima T, Saito N, Sampei G, Horiuchi T, et al.: A 570-kb DNA sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome corresponding to the 28.0-40.1 min region on the linkage map. DNA Res. 1996 Dec 31;3(6):363-77. doi: 10.1093/dnares/3.6.363.
Pubmed: 9097039
Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.
Pubmed: 9278503
Hayashi K, Morooka N, Yamamoto Y, Fujita K, Isono K, Choi S, Ohtsubo E, Baba T, Wanner BL, Mori H, Horiuchi T: Highly accurate genome sequences of Escherichia coli K-12 strains MG1655 and W3110. Mol Syst Biol. 2006;2:2006.0007. doi: 10.1038/msb4100049. Epub 2006 Feb 21.
Pubmed: 16738553
Kurihara S, Oda S, Kato K, Kim HG, Koyanagi T, Kumagai H, Suzuki H: A novel putrescine utilization pathway involves gamma-glutamylated intermediates of Escherichia coli K-12. J Biol Chem. 2005 Feb 11;280(6):4602-8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M411114200. Epub 2004 Dec 8.
Pubmed: 15590624
Kurihara S, Oda S, Kumagai H, Suzuki H: Gamma-glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyrate hydrolase in the putrescine utilization pathway of Escherichia coli K-12. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2006 Mar;256(2):318-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00137.x.
Pubmed: 16499623
Heim R, Strehler EE: Cloning an Escherichia coli gene encoding a protein remarkably similar to mammalian aldehyde dehydrogenases. Gene. 1991 Mar 1;99(1):15-23. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90028-a.
Pubmed: 1840553
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0002067
Highlighted elements will appear in red.
Highlight Compounds
Highlight Proteins
Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.
Visualize Compound Data
Visualize Protein Data
Downloads
Settings