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Pathway Description
Antibiotic resistance: marR, marA, marB
Escherichia coli K-12
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Signaling
Created: 2025-03-25
Last Updated: 2025-07-01
The regulation of the marRAB operon. The operon is inhibited by marR (Multiple antibiotic resistance protein) and activated by the presence of an antibiotic. MarR binds to the promoter inhibiting the expression of the operon. Some antibiotics may cause damage to the cell which triggers MarR to release the operon and initiate its expression. The operon has three products: marR, marA (Multiple antibiotic resistance protein) and marB (Multiple antibiotic resistance protein). MarA is used to activate other operons involved in antibiotic resistance. MarB may be involved in efflux pumps that pump out the antibiotics.
References
Antibiotic resistance: marR, marA, marB References
Sharma P, Haycocks JRJ, Middlemiss AD, Kettles RA, Sellars LE, Ricci V, Piddock LJV, Grainger DC: The multiple antibiotic resistance operon of enteric bacteria controls DNA repair and outer membrane integrity. Nat Commun. 2017 Nov 13;8(1):1444. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01405-7.
Pubmed: 29133912
Duval V, McMurry LM, Foster K, Head JF, Levy SB: Mutational analysis of the multiple-antibiotic resistance regulator MarR reveals a ligand binding pocket at the interface between the dimerization and DNA binding domains. J Bacteriol. 2013 Aug;195(15):3341-51. doi: 10.1128/JB.02224-12. Epub 2013 May 17.
Pubmed: 23687277
Sulavik MC, Gambino LF, Miller PF: The MarR repressor of the multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) operon in Escherichia coli: prototypic member of a family of bacterial regulatory proteins involved in sensing phenolic compounds. Mol Med. 1995 May;1(4):436-46.
Pubmed: 8521301
Guet CC, Bruneaux L, Oikonomou P, Aldana M, Cluzel P: Monitoring lineages of growing and dividing bacteria reveals an inducible memory of mar operon expression. Front Microbiol. 2023 Jun 20;14:1049255. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1049255. eCollection 2023.
Pubmed: 37485524
Alekshun MN, Levy SB: The mar regulon: multiple resistance to antibiotics and other toxic chemicals. Trends Microbiol. 1999 Oct;7(10):410-3. doi: 10.1016/s0966-842x(99)01589-9.
Pubmed: 10498949
Cossart P, Gicquel-Sanzey B: Cloning and sequence of the crp gene of Escherichia coli K 12. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Feb 25;10(4):1363-78. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.4.1363.
Pubmed: 6280141
Aiba H, Fujimoto S, Ozaki N: Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the gene for E. coli cAMP receptor protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Feb 25;10(4):1345-61. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.4.1345.
Pubmed: 6280140
Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.
Pubmed: 9278503
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