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Pathway Description
Glycolysis and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
Escherichia coli E24377A
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2025-02-11
Last Updated: 2025-07-31
Fructose metabolism begins with the transport of beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate through a glucose PTS permease. This compound is isomerized by a glucose-6-phosphate isomerase resulting in fructose 6-phosphate. This compound can be phosphorylated by two different enzymes: a pyridoxal phosphatase/fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase or an ATP-driven 6-phosphofructokinase-1, resulting in fructose 1,6-biphosphate. This compound can either react with a fructose bisphosphate aldolase class 1 resulting in D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate or through a fructose biphosphate aldolase class 2 resulting in D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. This compound can then either react in a reversible triosephosphate isomerase resulting in dihydroxyacetone phosphate or react with a phosphate through an NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase resulting in glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate. This compound is dephosphorylated by a phosphoglycerate kinase resulting in 3-phosphoglyceric acid. This compound, in turn, can either react with a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase or a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase resulting in 2-phospho-D-glyceric acid. This compound interacts with an enolase resulting in a phosphoenolpyruvic acid and water. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid can react either through an AMP-driven phosphoenoylpyruvate synthase or an ADP-driven pyruvate kinase protein complex resulting in pyruvic acid. The pyruvic acid reacts with CoA through an NAD-driven pyruvate dehydrogenase complex resulting in carbon dioxide and an acetyl-CoA which gets incorporated into the TCA cycle pathway.
References
Glycolysis and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase References
Daldal F: Nucleotide sequence of gene pfkB encoding the minor phosphofructokinase of Escherichia coli K-12. Gene. 1984 Jun;28(3):337-42. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90151-3.
Pubmed: 6235149
Daldal F: Molecular cloning of the gene for phosphofructokinase-2 of Escherichia coli and the nature of a mutation, pfkB1, causing a high level of the enzyme. J Mol Biol. 1983 Aug 5;168(2):285-305. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80019-9.
Pubmed: 6310120
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Pubmed: 9097039
Alefounder PR, Perham RN: Identification, molecular cloning and sequence analysis of a gene cluster encoding the class II fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase and a putative second glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol. 1989 Jun;3(6):723-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00221.x.
Pubmed: 2546007
Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.
Pubmed: 9278503
Hayashi K, Morooka N, Yamamoto Y, Fujita K, Isono K, Choi S, Ohtsubo E, Baba T, Wanner BL, Mori H, Horiuchi T: Highly accurate genome sequences of Escherichia coli K-12 strains MG1655 and W3110. Mol Syst Biol. 2006;2:2006.0007. doi: 10.1038/msb4100049. Epub 2006 Feb 21.
Pubmed: 16738553
Oshima T, Aiba H, Baba T, Fujita K, Hayashi K, Honjo A, Ikemoto K, Inada T, Itoh T, Kajihara M, Kanai K, Kashimoto K, Kimura S, Kitagawa M, Makino K, Masuda S, Miki T, Mizobuchi K, Mori H, Motomura K, Nakamura Y, Nashimoto H, Nishio Y, Saito N, Horiuchi T, et al.: A 718-kb DNA sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome corresponding to the 12.7-28.0 min region on the linkage map. DNA Res. 1996 Jun 30;3(3):137-55. doi: 10.1093/dnares/3.3.137.
Pubmed: 8905232
Spring TG, Wold F: The purification and characterization of Escherichia coli enolase. J Biol Chem. 1971 Nov 25;246(22):6797-802.
Pubmed: 4942326
Dannelly HK, Duclos B, Cozzone AJ, Reeves HC: Phosphorylation of Escherichia coli enolase. Biochimie. 1989 Sep-Oct;71(9-10):1095-100. doi: 10.1016/0300-9084(89)90116-8.
Pubmed: 2513001
Chandran V, Luisi BF: Recognition of enolase in the Escherichia coli RNA degradosome. J Mol Biol. 2006 Apr 21;358(1):8-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.02.012. Epub 2006 Feb 21.
Pubmed: 16516921
Ohara O, Dorit RL, Gilbert W: Direct genomic sequencing of bacterial DNA: the pyruvate kinase I gene of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Sep;86(18):6883-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.18.6883.
Pubmed: 2674937
Hensel M, Shea JE, Baumler AJ, Gleeson C, Blattner F, Holden DW: Analysis of the boundaries of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 and the corresponding chromosomal region of Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1997 Feb;179(4):1105-11. doi: 10.1128/jb.179.4.1105-1111.1997.
Pubmed: 9023191
Itoh T, Aiba H, Baba T, Hayashi K, Inada T, Isono K, Kasai H, Kimura S, Kitakawa M, Kitagawa M, Makino K, Miki T, Mizobuchi K, Mori H, Mori T, Motomura K, Nakade S, Nakamura Y, Nashimoto H, Nishio Y, Oshima T, Saito N, Sampei G, Seki Y, Horiuchi T, et al.: A 460-kb DNA sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome corresponding to the 40.1-50.0 min region on the linkage map. DNA Res. 1996 Dec 31;3(6):379-92. doi: 10.1093/dnares/3.6.379.
Pubmed: 9097040
Velur Selvamani RS, Telaar M, Friehs K, Flaschel E: Antibiotic-free segregational plasmid stabilization in Escherichia coli owing to the knockout of triosephosphate isomerase (tpiA). Microb Cell Fact. 2014 Apr 21;13:58. doi: 10.1186/1475-2859-13-58.
Pubmed: 24745552
Pichersky E, Gottlieb LD, Hess JF: Nucleotide sequence of the triose phosphate isomerase gene of Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet. 1984;195(1-2):314-20. doi: 10.1007/bf00332765.
Pubmed: 6092857
Plunkett G 3rd, Burland V, Daniels DL, Blattner FR: Analysis of the Escherichia coli genome. III. DNA sequence of the region from 87.2 to 89.2 minutes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Jul 25;21(15):3391-8. doi: 10.1093/nar/21.15.3391.
Pubmed: 8346018
Stephens PE, Darlison MG, Lewis HM, Guest JR: The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia coli K12. Nucleotide sequence encoding the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase component. Eur J Biochem. 1983 Jul 1;133(3):481-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07490.x.
Pubmed: 6345153
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000807
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