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Pathway Description
Cardiolipin Biosynthesis CL(10:0/10:0/10:0/30:0) MLCL Pathway
Escherichia coli
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2025-08-28
Last Updated: 2025-08-28
The biosynthesis of cardiolipin (CL) in bacteria begins in the cytoplasm. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is reduced by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to form glycerol 3-phosphate, using NADH as a cofactor. Glycerol 3-phosphate then reacts with an acyl-CoA via glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, producing 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid, LysoPA). The resulting LysoPA undergoes acylation by 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase, forming phosphatidic acid (PA). PA reacts with cytidine triphosphate (CTP) in a reaction catalyzed by phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase, yielding CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). CDP-DG is converted to phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PGP) by CDP-diacylglycerol–glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase, and PGP is then dephosphorylated by phosphatidylglycerophosphatase to produce phosphatidylglycerol (PG). CL is formed when PG reacts with another CDP-DG molecule under the action of cardiolipin synthase, producing CL and releasing cytidine monophosphate. Bacterial cardiolipin remodeling begins with the removal of an acyl chain from CL by a cardiolipin-specific phospholipase, producing 1-monolysocardiolipin (MLCL). The acyl chain is then reintroduced by a lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (or similar bacterial acyltransferase), transferring an acyl group from a phospholipid donor (e.g., phosphatidylcholine) to MLCL, regenerating mature cardiolipin.
References
Cardiolipin Biosynthesis CL(10:0/10:0/10:0/30:0) MLCL Pathway References
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Pubmed: 6251087
Larson TJ, Lightner VA, Green PR, Modrich P, Bell RM: Membrane phospholipid synthesis in Escherichia coli. Identification of the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase polypeptide as the plsB gene product. J Biol Chem. 1980 Oct 10;255(19):9421-6.
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Coleman J: Characterization of the Escherichia coli gene for 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (plsC). Mol Gen Genet. 1992 Mar;232(2):295-303. doi: 10.1007/bf00280009.
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Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.
Pubmed: 9278503
Hayashi K, Morooka N, Yamamoto Y, Fujita K, Isono K, Choi S, Ohtsubo E, Baba T, Wanner BL, Mori H, Horiuchi T: Highly accurate genome sequences of Escherichia coli K-12 strains MG1655 and W3110. Mol Syst Biol. 2006;2:2006.0007. doi: 10.1038/msb4100049. Epub 2006 Feb 21.
Pubmed: 16738553
Icho T: Membrane-bound phosphatases in Escherichia coli: sequence of the pgpB gene and dual subcellular localization of the pgpB product. J Bacteriol. 1988 Nov;170(11):5117-24. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.11.5117-5124.1988.
Pubmed: 2846511
Dillon DA, Wu WI, Riedel B, Wissing JB, Dowhan W, Carman GM: The Escherichia coli pgpB gene encodes for a diacylglycerol pyrophosphate phosphatase activity. J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 29;271(48):30548-53. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.48.30548.
Pubmed: 8940025
Aiba H, Baba T, Hayashi K, Inada T, Isono K, Itoh T, Kasai H, Kashimoto K, Kimura S, Kitakawa M, Kitagawa M, Makino K, Miki T, Mizobuchi K, Mori H, Mori T, Motomura K, Nakade S, Nakamura Y, Nashimoto H, Nishio Y, Oshima T, Saito N, Sampei G, Horiuchi T, et al.: A 570-kb DNA sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome corresponding to the 28.0-40.1 min region on the linkage map. DNA Res. 1996 Dec 31;3(6):363-77. doi: 10.1093/dnares/3.6.363.
Pubmed: 9097039
Icho T: Membrane-bound phosphatases in Escherichia coli: sequence of the pgpA gene. J Bacteriol. 1988 Nov;170(11):5110-6. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.11.5110-5116.1988.
Pubmed: 2846510
Oshima T, Aiba H, Baba T, Fujita K, Hayashi K, Honjo A, Ikemoto K, Inada T, Itoh T, Kajihara M, Kanai K, Kashimoto K, Kimura S, Kitagawa M, Makino K, Masuda S, Miki T, Mizobuchi K, Mori H, Motomura K, Nakamura Y, Nashimoto H, Nishio Y, Saito N, Horiuchi T, et al.: A 718-kb DNA sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome corresponding to the 12.7-28.0 min region on the linkage map. DNA Res. 1996 Jun 30;3(3):137-55. doi: 10.1093/dnares/3.3.137.
Pubmed: 8905232
Tropp BE, Ragolia L, Xia W, Dowhan W, Milkman R, Rudd KE, Ivanisevic R, Savic DJ: Identity of the Escherichia coli cls and nov genes. J Bacteriol. 1995 Sep;177(17):5155-7. doi: 10.1128/jb.177.17.5155-5157.1995.
Pubmed: 7665497
Tropp BE: Cardiolipin synthase from Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997 Sep 4;1348(1-2):192-200. doi: 10.1016/s0005-2760(97)00100-8.
Pubmed: 9370333
Milkman R: An Escherichia coli homologue of eukaryotic potassium channel proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Apr 26;91(9):3510-4. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.9.3510.
Pubmed: 8170937
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0002703
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