Browsing Pathways
Showing 111331 -
111340 of 605359 pathways
PathBank ID | Pathway Name and Description | Pathway Class | Chemical Compounds | Proteins |
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SMP0123528View Pathway |
Acylcarnitine 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitineHomo sapiens
9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups, organic acids and fatty acids, from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. As part of this process, 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoic acid is first transported into the cell via the long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1). Once inside the cell it undergoes a reaction to form an acyl-CoA derivative called 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA. This reaction is facilitated by the long-chain fatty-acid CoA ligase 1 protein, which adds a CoA moiety to appropriate acyl groups. Many acyl-CoA groups will then further react with other zwitterionic compounds such as carnitine (to form acylcarnitines) and amino acids (to form acyl amides). The carnitine needed to form acylcarnitines inside the cell is transported into the cell by the organic cation/carnitine transporter 2. In forming an acylcarnitine derivative, 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA reacts with L-carnitine to form 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine. This reaction is catalyzed by carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase. This enzyme resides in the mitochondrial outer membrane. While this reaction takes place, the 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine is moved into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Following the reaction, the newly synthesized acylcarnitine is transported into the mitochondrial matrix by a mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein found in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Once in the matrix, 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine can react with the carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 enzyme found in the mitochondrial inner membrane to once again form 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA and L-carnitine. 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoyl-CoA then enters into the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway to form aceytl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can go on to enter the TCA cycle, or it can react with L-carnitine to form L-acetylcarnitine in a reaction catalyzed by Carnitine O-acetyltransferase. This reaction can occur in both directions, and L-acetylcarnitine and CoA can react to form acetyl-CoA and L-carnitine in certain circumstances. Finally, acetyl-CoA in the cytosol can be catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 to form malonyl-CoA, which inhibits the action of carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, thereby preventing 9-(5-butyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine from forming and thereby preventing it from being transported into the mitochondria.
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Metabolite
Metabolic
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SMP0123540View Pathway |
Acylcarnitine (5Z)-7-[(1R,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoylcarnitineHomo sapiens
(5Z)-7-[(1R,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups, organic acids and fatty acids, from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. As part of this process, (5Z)-7-[(1R,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid is first transported into the cell via the long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1). Once inside the cell it undergoes a reaction to form an acyl-CoA derivative called (5Z)-7-[(1R,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoyl-CoA. This reaction is facilitated by the long-chain fatty-acid CoA ligase 1 protein, which adds a CoA moiety to appropriate acyl groups. Many acyl-CoA groups will then further react with other zwitterionic compounds such as carnitine (to form acylcarnitines) and amino acids (to form acyl amides). The carnitine needed to form acylcarnitines inside the cell is transported into the cell by the organic cation/carnitine transporter 2. In forming an acylcarnitine derivative, (5Z)-7-[(1R,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoyl-CoA reacts with L-carnitine to form (5Z)-7-[(1R,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoylcarnitine. This reaction is catalyzed by carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase. This enzyme resides in the mitochondrial outer membrane. While this reaction takes place, the (5Z)-7-[(1R,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoylcarnitine is moved into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Following the reaction, the newly synthesized acylcarnitine is transported into the mitochondrial matrix by a mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein found in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Once in the matrix, (5Z)-7-[(1R,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoylcarnitine can react with the carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 enzyme found in the mitochondrial inner membrane to once again form (5Z)-7-[(1R,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoyl-CoA and L-carnitine. (5Z)-7-[(1R,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoyl-CoA then enters into the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway to form aceytl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can go on to enter the TCA cycle, or it can react with L-carnitine to form L-acetylcarnitine in a reaction catalyzed by Carnitine O-acetyltransferase. This reaction can occur in both directions, and L-acetylcarnitine and CoA can react to form acetyl-CoA and L-carnitine in certain circumstances. Finally, acetyl-CoA in the cytosol can be catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 to form malonyl-CoA, which inhibits the action of carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, thereby preventing (5Z)-7-[(1R,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5Z)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoylcarnitine from forming and thereby preventing it from being transported into the mitochondria.
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Metabolite
Metabolic
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SMP0123551View Pathway |
Acylcarnitine (5E)-7-{4,6-dihydroxy-2-[(1E,5E)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]oxan-3-yl}hept-5-enoylcarnitineHomo sapiens
(5E)-7-{4,6-dihydroxy-2-[(1E,5E)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]oxan-3-yl}hept-5-enoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups, organic acids and fatty acids, from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. As part of this process, (5E)-7-{4,6-dihydroxy-2-[(1E,5E)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]oxan-3-yl}hept-5-enoic acid is first transported into the cell via the long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1). Once inside the cell it undergoes a reaction to form an acyl-CoA derivative called (5E)-7-{4,6-dihydroxy-2-[(1E,5E)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]oxan-3-yl}hept-5-enoyl-CoA. This reaction is facilitated by the long-chain fatty-acid CoA ligase 1 protein, which adds a CoA moiety to appropriate acyl groups. Many acyl-CoA groups will then further react with other zwitterionic compounds such as carnitine (to form acylcarnitines) and amino acids (to form acyl amides). The carnitine needed to form acylcarnitines inside the cell is transported into the cell by the organic cation/carnitine transporter 2. In forming an acylcarnitine derivative, (5E)-7-{4,6-dihydroxy-2-[(1E,5E)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]oxan-3-yl}hept-5-enoyl-CoA reacts with L-carnitine to form (5E)-7-{4,6-dihydroxy-2-[(1E,5E)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]oxan-3-yl}hept-5-enoylcarnitine. This reaction is catalyzed by carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase. This enzyme resides in the mitochondrial outer membrane. While this reaction takes place, the (5E)-7-{4,6-dihydroxy-2-[(1E,5E)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]oxan-3-yl}hept-5-enoylcarnitine is moved into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Following the reaction, the newly synthesized acylcarnitine is transported into the mitochondrial matrix by a mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein found in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Once in the matrix, (5E)-7-{4,6-dihydroxy-2-[(1E,5E)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]oxan-3-yl}hept-5-enoylcarnitine can react with the carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 enzyme found in the mitochondrial inner membrane to once again form (5E)-7-{4,6-dihydroxy-2-[(1E,5E)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]oxan-3-yl}hept-5-enoyl-CoA and L-carnitine. (5E)-7-{4,6-dihydroxy-2-[(1E,5E)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]oxan-3-yl}hept-5-enoyl-CoA then enters into the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway to form aceytl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can go on to enter the TCA cycle, or it can react with L-carnitine to form L-acetylcarnitine in a reaction catalyzed by Carnitine O-acetyltransferase. This reaction can occur in both directions, and L-acetylcarnitine and CoA can react to form acetyl-CoA and L-carnitine in certain circumstances. Finally, acetyl-CoA in the cytosol can be catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 to form malonyl-CoA, which inhibits the action of carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, thereby preventing (5E)-7-{4,6-dihydroxy-2-[(1E,5E)-3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dien-1-yl]oxan-3-yl}hept-5-enoylcarnitine from forming and thereby preventing it from being transported into the mitochondria.
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Metabolite
Metabolic
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SMP0123535View Pathway |
Acylcarnitine 7-[(1R,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]heptanoylcarnitineHomo sapiens
7-[(1R,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]heptanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups, organic acids and fatty acids, from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. As part of this process, 7-[(1R,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]heptanoic acid is first transported into the cell via the long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1). Once inside the cell it undergoes a reaction to form an acyl-CoA derivative called 7-[(1R,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]heptanoyl-CoA. This reaction is facilitated by the long-chain fatty-acid CoA ligase 1 protein, which adds a CoA moiety to appropriate acyl groups. Many acyl-CoA groups will then further react with other zwitterionic compounds such as carnitine (to form acylcarnitines) and amino acids (to form acyl amides). The carnitine needed to form acylcarnitines inside the cell is transported into the cell by the organic cation/carnitine transporter 2. In forming an acylcarnitine derivative, 7-[(1R,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]heptanoyl-CoA reacts with L-carnitine to form 7-[(1R,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]heptanoylcarnitine. This reaction is catalyzed by carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase. This enzyme resides in the mitochondrial outer membrane. While this reaction takes place, the 7-[(1R,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]heptanoylcarnitine is moved into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Following the reaction, the newly synthesized acylcarnitine is transported into the mitochondrial matrix by a mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein found in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Once in the matrix, 7-[(1R,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]heptanoylcarnitine can react with the carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 enzyme found in the mitochondrial inner membrane to once again form 7-[(1R,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]heptanoyl-CoA and L-carnitine. 7-[(1R,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]heptanoyl-CoA then enters into the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway to form aceytl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can go on to enter the TCA cycle, or it can react with L-carnitine to form L-acetylcarnitine in a reaction catalyzed by Carnitine O-acetyltransferase. This reaction can occur in both directions, and L-acetylcarnitine and CoA can react to form acetyl-CoA and L-carnitine in certain circumstances. Finally, acetyl-CoA in the cytosol can be catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 to form malonyl-CoA, which inhibits the action of carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, thereby preventing 7-[(1R,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]heptanoylcarnitine from forming and thereby preventing it from being transported into the mitochondria.
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Metabolite
Metabolic
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SMP0123546View Pathway |
Acylcarnitine (5Z,8Z)-10-[(2S,3R)-3-[(2Z)-oct-2-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl]deca-5,8-dienoylcarnitineHomo sapiens
(5Z,8Z)-10-[(2S,3R)-3-[(2Z)-oct-2-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl]deca-5,8-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups, organic acids and fatty acids, from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. As part of this process, (5Z,8Z)-10-[(2S,3R)-3-[(2Z)-oct-2-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl]deca-5,8-dienoic acid is first transported into the cell via the long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1). Once inside the cell it undergoes a reaction to form an acyl-CoA derivative called (5Z,8Z)-10-[(2S,3R)-3-[(2Z)-oct-2-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl]deca-5,8-dienoyl-CoA. This reaction is facilitated by the long-chain fatty-acid CoA ligase 1 protein, which adds a CoA moiety to appropriate acyl groups. Many acyl-CoA groups will then further react with other zwitterionic compounds such as carnitine (to form acylcarnitines) and amino acids (to form acyl amides). The carnitine needed to form acylcarnitines inside the cell is transported into the cell by the organic cation/carnitine transporter 2. In forming an acylcarnitine derivative, (5Z,8Z)-10-[(2S,3R)-3-[(2Z)-oct-2-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl]deca-5,8-dienoyl-CoA reacts with L-carnitine to form (5Z,8Z)-10-[(2S,3R)-3-[(2Z)-oct-2-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl]deca-5,8-dienoylcarnitine. This reaction is catalyzed by carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase. This enzyme resides in the mitochondrial outer membrane. While this reaction takes place, the (5Z,8Z)-10-[(2S,3R)-3-[(2Z)-oct-2-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl]deca-5,8-dienoylcarnitine is moved into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Following the reaction, the newly synthesized acylcarnitine is transported into the mitochondrial matrix by a mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein found in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Once in the matrix, (5Z,8Z)-10-[(2S,3R)-3-[(2Z)-oct-2-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl]deca-5,8-dienoylcarnitine can react with the carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 enzyme found in the mitochondrial inner membrane to once again form (5Z,8Z)-10-[(2S,3R)-3-[(2Z)-oct-2-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl]deca-5,8-dienoyl-CoA and L-carnitine. (5Z,8Z)-10-[(2S,3R)-3-[(2Z)-oct-2-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl]deca-5,8-dienoyl-CoA then enters into the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway to form aceytl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can go on to enter the TCA cycle, or it can react with L-carnitine to form L-acetylcarnitine in a reaction catalyzed by Carnitine O-acetyltransferase. This reaction can occur in both directions, and L-acetylcarnitine and CoA can react to form acetyl-CoA and L-carnitine in certain circumstances. Finally, acetyl-CoA in the cytosol can be catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 to form malonyl-CoA, which inhibits the action of carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, thereby preventing (5Z,8Z)-10-[(2S,3R)-3-[(2Z)-oct-2-en-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl]deca-5,8-dienoylcarnitine from forming and thereby preventing it from being transported into the mitochondria.
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Metabolite
Metabolic
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SMP0123533View Pathway |
Acylcarnitine 2-ethylpropanedioylcarnitineHomo sapiens
2-ethylpropanedioylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups, organic acids and fatty acids, from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. As part of this process, 2-ethylpropanedioic acid is first transported into the cell via the long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1). Once inside the cell it undergoes a reaction to form an acyl-CoA derivative called 2-ethylpropanedioyl-CoA. This reaction is facilitated by the long-chain fatty-acid CoA ligase 1 protein, which adds a CoA moiety to appropriate acyl groups. Many acyl-CoA groups will then further react with other zwitterionic compounds such as carnitine (to form acylcarnitines) and amino acids (to form acyl amides). The carnitine needed to form acylcarnitines inside the cell is transported into the cell by the organic cation/carnitine transporter 2. In forming an acylcarnitine derivative, 2-ethylpropanedioyl-CoA reacts with L-carnitine to form 2-ethylpropanedioylcarnitine. This reaction is catalyzed by carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase. This enzyme resides in the mitochondrial outer membrane. While this reaction takes place, the 2-ethylpropanedioylcarnitine is moved into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Following the reaction, the newly synthesized acylcarnitine is transported into the mitochondrial matrix by a mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein found in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Once in the matrix, 2-ethylpropanedioylcarnitine can react with the carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 enzyme found in the mitochondrial inner membrane to once again form 2-ethylpropanedioyl-CoA and L-carnitine. 2-ethylpropanedioyl-CoA then enters into the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway to form aceytl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can go on to enter the TCA cycle, or it can react with L-carnitine to form L-acetylcarnitine in a reaction catalyzed by Carnitine O-acetyltransferase. This reaction can occur in both directions, and L-acetylcarnitine and CoA can react to form acetyl-CoA and L-carnitine in certain circumstances. Finally, acetyl-CoA in the cytosol can be catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 to form malonyl-CoA, which inhibits the action of carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, thereby preventing 2-ethylpropanedioylcarnitine from forming and thereby preventing it from being transported into the mitochondria.
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Metabolite
Metabolic
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SMP0123697View Pathway |
Acylcarnitine 13-methylnonadecanoylcarnitineHomo sapiens
13-methylnonadecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups, organic acids and fatty acids, from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. As part of this process, 13-methylnonadecanoic acid is first transported into the cell via the long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1). Once inside the cell it undergoes a reaction to form an acyl-CoA derivative called 13-methylnonadecanoyl-CoA. This reaction is facilitated by the long-chain fatty-acid CoA ligase 1 protein, which adds a CoA moiety to appropriate acyl groups. Many acyl-CoA groups will then further react with other zwitterionic compounds such as carnitine (to form acylcarnitines) and amino acids (to form acyl amides). The carnitine needed to form acylcarnitines inside the cell is transported into the cell by the organic cation/carnitine transporter 2. In forming an acylcarnitine derivative, 13-methylnonadecanoyl-CoA reacts with L-carnitine to form 13-methylnonadecanoylcarnitine. This reaction is catalyzed by carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase. This enzyme resides in the mitochondrial outer membrane. While this reaction takes place, the 13-methylnonadecanoylcarnitine is moved into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Following the reaction, the newly synthesized acylcarnitine is transported into the mitochondrial matrix by a mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein found in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Once in the matrix, 13-methylnonadecanoylcarnitine can react with the carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 enzyme found in the mitochondrial inner membrane to once again form 13-methylnonadecanoyl-CoA and L-carnitine. 13-methylnonadecanoyl-CoA then enters into the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway to form aceytl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can go on to enter the TCA cycle, or it can react with L-carnitine to form L-acetylcarnitine in a reaction catalyzed by Carnitine O-acetyltransferase. This reaction can occur in both directions, and L-acetylcarnitine and CoA can react to form acetyl-CoA and L-carnitine in certain circumstances. Finally, acetyl-CoA in the cytosol can be catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 to form malonyl-CoA, which inhibits the action of carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, thereby preventing 13-methylnonadecanoylcarnitine from forming and thereby preventing it from being transported into the mitochondria.
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Metabolite
Metabolic
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SMP0123683View Pathway |
Acylcarnitine 7-MethyloctadecanoylcarnitineHomo sapiens
7-Methyloctadecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups, organic acids and fatty acids, from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. As part of this process, 7-methyloctadecanoic acid is first transported into the cell via the long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1). Once inside the cell it undergoes a reaction to form an acyl-CoA derivative called 7-methyloctadecanoyl-CoA. This reaction is facilitated by the long-chain fatty-acid CoA ligase 1 protein, which adds a CoA moiety to appropriate acyl groups. Many acyl-CoA groups will then further react with other zwitterionic compounds such as carnitine (to form acylcarnitines) and amino acids (to form acyl amides). The carnitine needed to form acylcarnitines inside the cell is transported into the cell by the organic cation/carnitine transporter 2. In forming an acylcarnitine derivative, 7-methyloctadecanoyl-CoA reacts with L-carnitine to form 7-methyloctadecanoylcarnitine. This reaction is catalyzed by carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase. This enzyme resides in the mitochondrial outer membrane. While this reaction takes place, the 7-methyloctadecanoylcarnitine is moved into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Following the reaction, the newly synthesized acylcarnitine is transported into the mitochondrial matrix by a mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein found in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Once in the matrix, 7-methyloctadecanoylcarnitine can react with the carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 enzyme found in the mitochondrial inner membrane to once again form 7-methyloctadecanoyl-CoA and L-carnitine. 7-Methyloctadecanoyl-CoA then enters into the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway to form aceytl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can go on to enter the TCA cycle, or it can react with L-carnitine to form L-acetylcarnitine in a reaction catalyzed by Carnitine O-acetyltransferase. This reaction can occur in both directions, and L-acetylcarnitine and CoA can react to form acetyl-CoA and L-carnitine in certain circumstances. Finally, acetyl-CoA in the cytosol can be catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 to form malonyl-CoA, which inhibits the action of carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, thereby preventing 7-methyloctadecanoylcarnitine from forming and thereby preventing it from being transported into the mitochondria.
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Metabolite
Metabolic
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SMP0123671View Pathway |
Acylcarnitine 16-MethylheptadecanoylcarnitineHomo sapiens
16-Methylheptadecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups, organic acids and fatty acids, from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. As part of this process, 16-methylheptadecanoic acid is first transported into the cell via the long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1). Once inside the cell it undergoes a reaction to form an acyl-CoA derivative called 16-methylheptadecanoyl-CoA. This reaction is facilitated by the long-chain fatty-acid CoA ligase 1 protein, which adds a CoA moiety to appropriate acyl groups. Many acyl-CoA groups will then further react with other zwitterionic compounds such as carnitine (to form acylcarnitines) and amino acids (to form acyl amides). The carnitine needed to form acylcarnitines inside the cell is transported into the cell by the organic cation/carnitine transporter 2. In forming an acylcarnitine derivative, 16-methylheptadecanoyl-CoA reacts with L-carnitine to form 16-methylheptadecanoylcarnitine. This reaction is catalyzed by carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase. This enzyme resides in the mitochondrial outer membrane. While this reaction takes place, the 16-methylheptadecanoylcarnitine is moved into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Following the reaction, the newly synthesized acylcarnitine is transported into the mitochondrial matrix by a mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein found in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Once in the matrix, 16-methylheptadecanoylcarnitine can react with the carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 enzyme found in the mitochondrial inner membrane to once again form 16-methylheptadecanoyl-CoA and L-carnitine. 16-Methylheptadecanoyl-CoA then enters into the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway to form aceytl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can go on to enter the TCA cycle, or it can react with L-carnitine to form L-acetylcarnitine in a reaction catalyzed by Carnitine O-acetyltransferase. This reaction can occur in both directions, and L-acetylcarnitine and CoA can react to form acetyl-CoA and L-carnitine in certain circumstances. Finally, acetyl-CoA in the cytosol can be catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 to form malonyl-CoA, which inhibits the action of carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, thereby preventing 16-methylheptadecanoylcarnitine from forming and thereby preventing it from being transported into the mitochondria.
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Metabolite
Metabolic
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SMP0123690View Pathway |
Acylcarnitine 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoylcarnitineHomo sapiens
2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups, organic acids and fatty acids, from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. As part of this process, 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoic acid is first transported into the cell via the long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1). Once inside the cell it undergoes a reaction to form an acyl-CoA derivative called 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoyl-CoA. This reaction is facilitated by the long-chain fatty-acid CoA ligase 1 protein, which adds a CoA moiety to appropriate acyl groups. Many acyl-CoA groups will then further react with other zwitterionic compounds such as carnitine (to form acylcarnitines) and amino acids (to form acyl amides). The carnitine needed to form acylcarnitines inside the cell is transported into the cell by the organic cation/carnitine transporter 2. In forming an acylcarnitine derivative, 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoyl-CoA reacts with L-carnitine to form 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoylcarnitine. This reaction is catalyzed by carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase. This enzyme resides in the mitochondrial outer membrane. While this reaction takes place, the 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoylcarnitine is moved into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Following the reaction, the newly synthesized acylcarnitine is transported into the mitochondrial matrix by a mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein found in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Once in the matrix, 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoylcarnitine can react with the carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 enzyme found in the mitochondrial inner membrane to once again form 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoyl-CoA and L-carnitine. 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoyl-CoA then enters into the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway to form aceytl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can go on to enter the TCA cycle, or it can react with L-carnitine to form L-acetylcarnitine in a reaction catalyzed by Carnitine O-acetyltransferase. This reaction can occur in both directions, and L-acetylcarnitine and CoA can react to form acetyl-CoA and L-carnitine in certain circumstances. Finally, acetyl-CoA in the cytosol can be catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 to form malonyl-CoA, which inhibits the action of carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, thereby preventing 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoylcarnitine from forming and thereby preventing it from being transported into the mitochondria.
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Metabolite
Metabolic
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111340 of 167268 pathways