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Showing 346051 - 346060 of 605359 pathways
PathBank ID Pathway Name and Description Pathway Class Chemical Compounds Proteins

SMP0126636

Pw128238 View Pathway

Opioid agonist template

Homo sapiens
Dihydrocodeine is an opioid analgesic agent used for the management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatments are inadequate. Dihydrocodeine is a semi-synthetic opioid analgesic. Dihydrocodeine is metabolized to dihydromorphine, a highly active metabolite with a high affinity for mu opioid receptors. These mu-binding sites are discretely distributed in the human brain, spinal cord, and other tissues. In clinical settings, dihydromorphine exerts its principal pharmacologic effects on the central nervous system. Dihydromorphine binds on pre-synaptic mu opioid receptors. Opiate receptors are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as both positive and negative regulators of synaptic transmission via G-proteins that activate effector proteins. Binding of the opiate stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, opioids decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Subsequently, the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as GABA. Less GABA leads to disinhibition of dopamine cell firing in the spinal cord pain transmission neurons. This leads to less pain signaling and analgesia. Opioids close N-type voltage-operated calcium channels and open calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels. This results in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability. The inhibition of A delta and C pain fibres in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord is very important as it slows the signaling of pain into the spinal cord. Possible opioid related side effects include, but are not limited to, drowsiness, nausea, headache, dry mouth, constipation, difficulty passing urine, and mild euphoria.
Metabolite
Drug Action

SMP0174281

Pw175950 View Pathway

De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/15:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))

Rattus norvegicus
A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. Triglycerides are the main constituents of body fat in humans and other animals, as well as vegetable fat. They are also present in the blood to enable the bidirectional transference of adipose fat and blood glucose from the liver, and are a major component of human skin oils. (Wikipedia) De novo biosynthesis of triglycerides is also known as the phosphatidic acid pathway, and it is mainly associated with the liver and adipose tissue. All membrane-localized enzymes are coloured dark green in the image. First, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (or glycerone phosphate) from glycolysis is used by the cytosolic enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] to synthesize sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. Second, the mitochondrial outer membrane enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase esterifies an acyl-group to the sn-1 position of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LPA). The next three steps are localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The enzyme 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase converts LPA into phosphatidic acid (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) by esterifying an acyl-group to the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. Next, magnesium-dependent phosphatidate phosphatase catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid into diacylglycerol. Last, the enzyme diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase synthesizes triacylglycerol from diacylglycerol and a fatty acyl-CoA.
Metabolite
Metabolic

SMP0174248

Pw175917 View Pathway

Triacylglyceride (TG) Pathway

Homo sapiens
A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. Triglycerides are the main constituents of body fat in humans and other animals, as well as vegetable fat. They are also present in the blood to enable the bidirectional transference of adipose fat and blood glucose from the liver, and are a major component of human skin oils (Wikipedia). Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (or glycerone phosphate) from glycolysis is used by the cytosolic enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] to synthesize sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. Second, the mitochondrial outer membrane enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase esterifies an acyl-group to the sn-1 position of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LPA). The next three steps are localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The enzyme 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase converts LPA into phosphatidic acid (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) by esterifying an acyl-group to the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. Next, magnesium-dependent phosphatidate phosphatase catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid into diacylglycerol. Last, the enzyme diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase synthesizes triacylglycerol from diacylglycerol and a fatty acyl-CoA.
Metabolite
Metabolic

SMP0126884

Pw128496 View Pathway

Thrombin Alfa Action Pathway (didnt work)

Homo sapiens
Thrombin alfa also known under the brand name Recothrom, is a platelet-activating factor to treat minor bleeding. It is administered topically, it is a recombinant thrombin identical to that of the endogenous human thrombin. Thrombin alfa is a human serine protease that cleaves fibrinogen to fibrin which leads to clot formation. Once thrombin alfa has performed its function it is rapidly inactivated by circulating endogenous plasma inhibitors.
Metabolite
Drug Action

SMP0125464

Pw127019 View Pathway

Ferrous Sulfate Action Pathway

Homo sapiens
Metabolite
Drug Action

SMP0174317

Pw175986 View Pathway

Butalbital Predicted Metabolism Pathway new

Homo sapiens
Metabolites of Butalbital are predicted with biotransformer.
Metabolite
Metabolic

SMP0174324

Pw175993 View Pathway

Cefonicid Predicted Metabolism Pathway new

Homo sapiens
Metabolites of Cefonicid are predicted with biotransformer.
Metabolite
Metabolic

SMP0174293

Pw175962 View Pathway

Ajmaline Predicted Metabolism Pathway new

Homo sapiens
Metabolites of Ajmaline are predicted with biotransformer.
Metabolite
Metabolic

SMP0174298

Pw175967 View Pathway

Anagrelide Predicted Metabolism Pathway new

Homo sapiens
Metabolites of Anagrelide are predicted with biotransformer.
Metabolite
Metabolic

SMP0174305

Pw175974 View Pathway

Asunaprevir Predicted Metabolism Pathway new

Homo sapiens
Metabolites of Asunaprevir are predicted with biotransformer.
Metabolite
Metabolic
  • Asunaprevir
  • Asunaprevir PIS1M1
  • Heme
Showing 346051 - 346060 of 364399 pathways