Browsing Pathways

The glyoxylate cycle starts with the interaction of Acetyl-Coa with a water molecule and Oxalacetic acid interact through a Citrate synthase resulting in a release of a coenzyme a and citric acid. The citric acid gets dehydrated through a citrate hydro-lyase resulting in the release of a water molecule and cis-Aconitic acid. The cis-Aconitic acid is then hydrated in an reversible reaction through an aconitate hydratase resulting in an Isocitric acid. The isocitric acid then interacts in a reversible reaction through isocitrate lyase resulting in the release of a succinic acid and a glyoxylic acid. The glyoxylic acid then reacts in a reversible reaction with an acetyl-coa, and a water molecule in a reversible reaction, resulting in a release of a coenzyme A, a hydrogen ion and an L-malic acid. The L-malic acid interacts in a reversible reaction through a NAD driven malate dehydrogenase resulting in the release of NADH, a hydrogen ion and an Oxalacetic acid.

The biosynthesis of isoprenoids starts with a D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate interacting with a hydrogen ion through a 1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase resulting in a carbon dioxide and 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose. The latter compound then interacts with a hydrogen ion through a NADPH driven 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase resulting in a NADP and a 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate. The latter compound then interacts with a cytidine triphosphate and a hydrogen ion through a 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol synthase resulting in a pyrophosphate and a 4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol. The latter compound is then phosphorylated through an ATP driven 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methylerythritol kinase resulting in a release of an ADP, a hydrogen ion and a 2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol. The latter compound then interacts with a 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase resulting in the release of a 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate resulting in the release of a cytidine monophosphate and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate. The latter compound then interacts with a reduced flavodoxin through a 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate synthase resulting in the release of a water molecule, a hydrogen ion, an oxidized flavodoxin and a 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate. The compound 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate can interact with an NADPH,a hydrogen ion through a 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase resulting in a NADP, a water molecule and either a Dimethylallylpyrophosphate or a Isopentenyl pyrophosphate. These two last compounds can be are isomers that can be produced through a isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase. Dimethylallylpyrophosphate interacts with the isopentenyl pyrophosphate through a geranyl diphosphate synthase / farnesyl diphosphate synthase resulting in a pyrophosphate and a geranyl--PP. The latter compound interacts with a Isopentenyl pyrophosphate through a geranyl diphosphate synthase / farnesyl diphosphate synthase resulting in the release of a pyrophosphate and a farnesyl pyrophosphate. The latter compound interacts with isopentenyl pyrophosphate either through a undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase resulting in a release of a pyrophosphate and a di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate or through a octaprenyl diphosphate synthase resulting in a pyrophosphate and an octaprenyl diphosphate

The pathway starts with a 3-phosphoglyceric acid interacting with an NAD driven D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase / α-ketoglutarate reductase resulting in an NADH, a hydrogen ion and a phosphohydroxypyruvic acid. This compound then interacts with an L-glutamic acid through a 3-phosphoserine aminotransferase / phosphohydroxythreonine aminotransferase resulting in a oxoglutaric acid and a DL-D-phosphoserine. The latter compound then interacts with a water molecule through a phosphoserine phosphatase resulting in a phosphate and an L-serine. The L-serine interacts with an acetyl-coa through a serine acetyltransferase resulting in a release of a Coenzyme A and a O-Acetylserine. The O-acetylserine then interacts with a hydrogen sulfide through a O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase A resulting in an acetic acid, a hydrogen ion and an L-cysteine

The biosynthesis of Valine and L-leucine from pyruvic acid starts with pyruvic acid interacting with a hydrogen ion through a acetolactate synthase / acetohydroxybutanoate synthase resulting in a release of a carbon dioxide, a (S)-2-acetolactate. The latter compound then interacts with a hydrogen ion through a NADPH-driven acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase resulting in the release of a NADP, a (R) 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylvalerate. The latter compound is then dehydrated by a dihydroxy acid dehydratase resulting in the release of a water molecule an 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid. The 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid can produce an L-valine by interacting with a L-glutamic acid through a Valine Transaminase resulting in the release of a Oxoglutaric acid and a L-valine. The 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid then interacts with an acetyl-CoA and a water molecule through a 2-isopropylmalate synthase resulting in the release of a hydrogen ion, a Coenzyme A and a 2-Isopropylmalic acid. The isopropylimalic acid is then hydrated by interacting with a isopropylmalate isomerase resulting in a 3-isopropylmalate. This compound then interacts with an NAD driven 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase resulting in a NADH, a hydrogen ion and a 2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate. The latter compound then interacts with hydrogen ion spontaneously resulting in a carbon dioxide and a ketoleucine. The ketoleucine then interacts with a L-glutamic acid through a branched-chain amino-acid aminotransferase resulting in the oxoglutaric acid and L-leucine.

The biosynthesis of isoprenoids starts with a D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate interacting with a hydrogen ion through a 1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase resulting in a carbon dioxide and 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose. The latter compound then interacts with a hydrogen ion through a NADPH driven 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase resulting in a NADP and a 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate. The latter compound then interacts with a cytidine triphosphate and a hydrogen ion through a 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol synthase resulting in a pyrophosphate and a 4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol. The latter compound is then phosphorylated through an ATP driven 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methylerythritol kinase resulting in a release of an ADP, a hydrogen ion and a 2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol. The latter compound then interacts with a 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase resulting in the release of a 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate resulting in the release of a cytidine monophosphate and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate. The latter compound then interacts with a reduced flavodoxin through a 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate synthase resulting in the release of a water molecule, a hydrogen ion, an oxidized flavodoxin and a 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate. The compound 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate can interact with an NADPH,a hydrogen ion through a 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase resulting in a NADP, a water molecule and either a Dimethylallylpyrophosphate or a Isopentenyl pyrophosphate. These two last compounds can be are isomers that can be produced through a isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase. Dimethylallylpyrophosphate interacts with the isopentenyl pyrophosphate through a geranyl diphosphate synthase / farnesyl diphosphate synthase resulting in a pyrophosphate and a geranyl--PP. The latter compound interacts with a Isopentenyl pyrophosphate through a geranyl diphosphate synthase / farnesyl diphosphate synthase resulting in the release of a pyrophosphate and a farnesyl pyrophosphate. The latter compound interacts with isopentenyl pyrophosphate either through a undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase resulting in a release of a pyrophosphate and a di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate or through a octaprenyl diphosphate synthase resulting in a pyrophosphate and an octaprenyl diphosphate