Browsing Pathways
Showing 377571 -
377580 of 605359 pathways
PathBank ID | Pathway Name and Description | Pathway Class | Chemical Compounds | Proteins |
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SMP0462268View Pathway |
Flavin BiosynthesisMesorhizobium loti MAFF303099
The process of flavin biosynthesis starts with GTP being metabolized by interacting with 3 molecules of water through a GTP cyclohydrolase resulting in a release of formic acid, a pyrophosphate, two hydrog ions and 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one or 2,5-Diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidine. Either of these compounds interacts with a water molecule and a hydrogen ion through a fused diaminohydroxyphosphoribosylaminopyrimidine deaminase / 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil reductase resulting in an ammonium and 5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil. This compound then interacts with a hydrogen ion through a NADPH dependent fused diaminohydroxyphosphoribosylaminopyrimidine deaminase / 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil reductase resulting in the release of a NADP and a 5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil. This compound then interacts with a water molecule through a 5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil phosphatase resulting in a release of a phosphate, and a 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil.
D-ribulose 5-phosphate interacts with a3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate synthase resulting in the release of formic acid, a hydrogen ion and 1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate.
A 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil and 1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate interact through a 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase resulting in the release of 2 water molecules, a phosphate, a hydrogen ion and a 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine.
The latter compound then interacts with a hydrogen ion through a riboflavin synthase resulting in the release of a riboflavin and a 5-amino-6-(d-ribitylamino)uracil.
The riboflavin is then phosphorylated through an ATP dependent riboflavin kinase resulting in the release of a ADP, a hydrogen ion and a FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE.
The flavin mononucleotide interad with a hydrogen ion and an ATP through the riboflavin kinase resulting in the release of a pyrophosphate and Flavin Adenine dinucleotide. This compound is then exported into the periplasm through a FMN/FAD exporter.
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Metabolite
Metabolic
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SMP0462254View Pathway |
Selenium MetabolismMesorhizobium loti MAFF303099
The selenium metabolism begins with the introduction of selenate and selenite to the cytosol through a sulphate permease system. Once in the cell, selenate can be reduced to selenite through nitrate reductases A and Z. Selenite then interacts with glutathione and 2 hydrogen ions resulting in the release of 2 water molecules, a hydroxide molecule, a glutathione disulfide and a selenodiglutathione. The latter compound then reacts with NADPH+H resulting in the release of a NADP, a glutathione and a glutathioselenol.
Glutathiolselenol can then be oxidize resulting in a a glutathiolselenol ion which can then interact with a water molecule resulting in a release of glutathion and selenium
Glutathiolselenol can also react with NADPH and hydrogen ion resulting in a release of glutathione, NADP, a hydroxide molecule and a hydrogen selenide. This compound can react in a reversible reaction by being oxidized resulting in a hydrogen selenide ion . This compound can then be phosphorylated by interacting with an ATP and releasing a AMP, a phosphate and a selenophosphate.
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Metabolite
Metabolic
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SMP0361033View Pathway |
Cardiolipin Biosynthesis CL(a-13:0/a-15:0/i-22:0/i-17:0)[rac]Homo sapiens
Cardiolipin (CL) is an important component of the inner mitochondrial membrane where it constitutes about 20% of the total lipid composition. It is essential for the optimal function of numerous enzymes that are involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism (Wikipedia). Cardiolipin biosynthesis occurs mainly in the mitochondria, but there also exists an alternative synthesis route for CDP-diacylglycerol that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum. This second route may supplement this pathway. All membrane-localized enzymes are coloured dark green in the image. First, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (or glycerone phosphate) from glycolysis is used by the cytosolic enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] to synthesize sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. Second, the mitochondrial outer membrane enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase esterifies an acyl-group to the sn-1 position of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LPA). Third, the enzyme 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase converts LPA into phosphatidic acid (PA or 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) by esterifying an acyl-group to the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. PA is then transferred to the inner mitochondrial membrane to continue cardiolipin synthesis. Fourth, magnesium-dependent phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase catalyzes the conversion of PA into CDP-diacylglycerol. Fifth, CDP-diacylglycerol--glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase synthesizes phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PGP). Sixth, phosphatidylglycerophosphatase and protein-tyrosine phosphatase dephosphorylates PGP to form phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Last, cardiolipin synthase catalyzes the synthesis of cardiolipin by transferring a phosphatidyl group from a second CDP-diacylglycerol to PG. It requires a divalent metal cation cofactor.
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Metabolite
Metabolic
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SMP0462249View Pathway |
Selenium MetabolismMethylobacterium radiotolerans JCM 2831
The selenium metabolism begins with the introduction of selenate and selenite to the cytosol through a sulphate permease system. Once in the cell, selenate can be reduced to selenite through nitrate reductases A and Z. Selenite then interacts with glutathione and 2 hydrogen ions resulting in the release of 2 water molecules, a hydroxide molecule, a glutathione disulfide and a selenodiglutathione. The latter compound then reacts with NADPH+H resulting in the release of a NADP, a glutathione and a glutathioselenol.
Glutathiolselenol can then be oxidize resulting in a a glutathiolselenol ion which can then interact with a water molecule resulting in a release of glutathion and selenium
Glutathiolselenol can also react with NADPH and hydrogen ion resulting in a release of glutathione, NADP, a hydroxide molecule and a hydrogen selenide. This compound can react in a reversible reaction by being oxidized resulting in a hydrogen selenide ion . This compound can then be phosphorylated by interacting with an ATP and releasing a AMP, a phosphate and a selenophosphate.
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Metabolite
Metabolic
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SMP0462256View Pathway |
Curcumin DegradationMethylobacterium radiotolerans JCM 2831
Curcumin is metabolized by being reduced through a NADPH dependent curcumin reductase resulting in a dihydrocurcumin. This compound is then reduced again through a NADPH-dependent dihydrocurcumin reductase resulting in a tetrahydrocurcumin. It is not know yet how this compound enters E.coli
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Metabolite
Metabolic
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SMP0462260View Pathway |
Curcumin DegradationMethylobacterium populi BJ001
Curcumin is metabolized by being reduced through a NADPH dependent curcumin reductase resulting in a dihydrocurcumin. This compound is then reduced again through a NADPH-dependent dihydrocurcumin reductase resulting in a tetrahydrocurcumin. It is not know yet how this compound enters E.coli
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Metabolite
Metabolic
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SMP0462373View Pathway |
2-Oxopent-4-enoate MetabolismEscherichia coli 042
The pathway starts with trans-cinnamate interacting with a hydrogen ion, an oxygen molecule, and a NADH through a cinnamate dioxygenase resulting in a NAD and a cis-3-(3-Carboxyethenyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol which then interact together through a 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrophenylpropionate dehydrogenase resulting in the release of a hydrogen ion, an NADH molecule and a 2,3 dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate.
The second way by which the 2,3 dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate is acquired is through a 3-hydroxy-trans-cinnamate interacting with a hydrogen ion, a NADH and an oxygen molecule through a 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate 2-hydroxylase resulting in the release of a NAD molecule, a water molecule and a 2,3-dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate.
The compound 2,3 dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate then interacts with an oxygen molecule through a 2,3-dihydroxyphenylpropionate 1,2-dioxygenase resulting in a hydrogen ion and a 2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4,7-triene-1,9-dioate. The latter compound then interacts with a water molecule through a 2-hydroxy-6-oxononatrienedioate hydrolase resulting in a release of a hydrogen ion, a fumarate molecule and (2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate. The latter compound reacts spontaneously to isomerize into a 2-oxopent-4-enoate. This compound is then hydrated through a 2-oxopent-4-enoate hydratase resulting in a 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate. This compound then interacts with a 4-hydroxy-2-ketovalerate aldolase resulting in the release of a pyruvate, and an acetaldehyde. The acetaldehyde then interacts with a coenzyme A and a NAD molecule through a acetaldehyde dehydrogenase resulting in a hydrogen ion, a NADH and an acetyl-coa which can be incorporated into the TCA cycle
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Metabolite
Metabolic
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SMP0361122View Pathway |
Cardiolipin Biosynthesis CL(a-15:0/a-15:0/16:0/i-19:0)Homo sapiens
Cardiolipin (CL) is an important component of the inner mitochondrial membrane where it constitutes about 20% of the total lipid composition. It is essential for the optimal function of numerous enzymes that are involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism (Wikipedia). Cardiolipin biosynthesis occurs mainly in the mitochondria, but there also exists an alternative synthesis route for CDP-diacylglycerol that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum. This second route may supplement this pathway. All membrane-localized enzymes are coloured dark green in the image. First, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (or glycerone phosphate) from glycolysis is used by the cytosolic enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] to synthesize sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. Second, the mitochondrial outer membrane enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase esterifies an acyl-group to the sn-1 position of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LPA). Third, the enzyme 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase converts LPA into phosphatidic acid (PA or 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) by esterifying an acyl-group to the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. PA is then transferred to the inner mitochondrial membrane to continue cardiolipin synthesis. Fourth, magnesium-dependent phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase catalyzes the conversion of PA into CDP-diacylglycerol. Fifth, CDP-diacylglycerol--glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase synthesizes phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PGP). Sixth, phosphatidylglycerophosphatase and protein-tyrosine phosphatase dephosphorylates PGP to form phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Last, cardiolipin synthase catalyzes the synthesis of cardiolipin by transferring a phosphatidyl group from a second CDP-diacylglycerol to PG. It requires a divalent metal cation cofactor.
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Metabolite
Metabolic
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SMP0361134View Pathway |
Cardiolipin Biosynthesis CL(a-15:0/a-15:0/17:0/18:0)Homo sapiens
Cardiolipin (CL) is an important component of the inner mitochondrial membrane where it constitutes about 20% of the total lipid composition. It is essential for the optimal function of numerous enzymes that are involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism (Wikipedia). Cardiolipin biosynthesis occurs mainly in the mitochondria, but there also exists an alternative synthesis route for CDP-diacylglycerol that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum. This second route may supplement this pathway. All membrane-localized enzymes are coloured dark green in the image. First, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (or glycerone phosphate) from glycolysis is used by the cytosolic enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] to synthesize sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. Second, the mitochondrial outer membrane enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase esterifies an acyl-group to the sn-1 position of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LPA). Third, the enzyme 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase converts LPA into phosphatidic acid (PA or 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) by esterifying an acyl-group to the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. PA is then transferred to the inner mitochondrial membrane to continue cardiolipin synthesis. Fourth, magnesium-dependent phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase catalyzes the conversion of PA into CDP-diacylglycerol. Fifth, CDP-diacylglycerol--glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase synthesizes phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PGP). Sixth, phosphatidylglycerophosphatase and protein-tyrosine phosphatase dephosphorylates PGP to form phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Last, cardiolipin synthase catalyzes the synthesis of cardiolipin by transferring a phosphatidyl group from a second CDP-diacylglycerol to PG. It requires a divalent metal cation cofactor.
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Metabolite
Metabolic
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SMP0361146View Pathway |
Cardiolipin Biosynthesis CL(a-15:0/a-15:0/17:0/23:0)Homo sapiens
Cardiolipin (CL) is an important component of the inner mitochondrial membrane where it constitutes about 20% of the total lipid composition. It is essential for the optimal function of numerous enzymes that are involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism (Wikipedia). Cardiolipin biosynthesis occurs mainly in the mitochondria, but there also exists an alternative synthesis route for CDP-diacylglycerol that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum. This second route may supplement this pathway. All membrane-localized enzymes are coloured dark green in the image. First, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (or glycerone phosphate) from glycolysis is used by the cytosolic enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] to synthesize sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. Second, the mitochondrial outer membrane enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase esterifies an acyl-group to the sn-1 position of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LPA). Third, the enzyme 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase converts LPA into phosphatidic acid (PA or 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) by esterifying an acyl-group to the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. PA is then transferred to the inner mitochondrial membrane to continue cardiolipin synthesis. Fourth, magnesium-dependent phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase catalyzes the conversion of PA into CDP-diacylglycerol. Fifth, CDP-diacylglycerol--glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase synthesizes phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PGP). Sixth, phosphatidylglycerophosphatase and protein-tyrosine phosphatase dephosphorylates PGP to form phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Last, cardiolipin synthase catalyzes the synthesis of cardiolipin by transferring a phosphatidyl group from a second CDP-diacylglycerol to PG. It requires a divalent metal cation cofactor.
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Showing 377571 -
377580 of 378981 pathways