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Pathway Description
Phospholipid Biosynthesis CL(18:1(9Z)/14:0/14:0/14:0)
Escherichia coli
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2015-08-25
Last Updated: 2019-08-22
Phospholipids are membrane components in E. coli.
The major phospholipids of E. coli are phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. All phospholipids contain sn-glycerol-3-phosphate esterified with fatty acids at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions.
The reaction starts from a glycerone phosphate (dihydroxyacetone phosphate) produced in glycolysis. The glycerone phosphate is transformed to a sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (glycerol 3 phosphate) by NADPH driven glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Sn-glycerol 3-phosphate is transformed to a 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate(1-oleyl-2-lyso-phosphatidate , 1-palmitoylglycerol 3-phosphate , 1-stearoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate). This can be achieve by a sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-0-acyltransferase that interacts either with a long-chain acyl-CoA or with an acyl-[acp]. The 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate is transformed into a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate through a 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase.
This compound is then converted into a CPD-diacylglycerol through a CTP (phosphatidate cytididyltransferase. CPD-diacylglycerol can be transformed either to a L-1-phosphatidylserine or a L-1-phosphatidylglycerol-phosphate through a phosphatidylserine synthase or a phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase respectively. The L-1-phosphatidylserine transforms into L-1-phosphatidylethanolamine through a phosphatidylserine decarboxylase, o the other hand L-1-phosphatidylglycerol-phosphate gets transformed into a L-1-phosphatidyl-glycerol through a phosphatidylglycerophosphatase. These 2 products combines produce a cardiolipin and a ethanolamine.
The L-1 phosphatidyl-glycerol can also interact with cardiolipin synthase resulting in a glycerol and a cardiolipin.
References
Phospholipid Biosynthesis CL(18:1(9Z)/14:0/14:0/14:0) References
Cronan JE Jr, Rock CO: Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids. EcoSal Plus. 2008 Sep;3(1). doi: 10.1128/ecosalplus.3.6.4.
Pubmed: 26443744
Sofia HJ, Burland V, Daniels DL, Plunkett G 3rd, Blattner FR: Analysis of the Escherichia coli genome. V. DNA sequence of the region from 76.0 to 81.5 minutes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Jul 11;22(13):2576-86. doi: 10.1093/nar/22.13.2576.
Pubmed: 8041620
Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.
Pubmed: 9278503
Hayashi K, Morooka N, Yamamoto Y, Fujita K, Isono K, Choi S, Ohtsubo E, Baba T, Wanner BL, Mori H, Horiuchi T: Highly accurate genome sequences of Escherichia coli K-12 strains MG1655 and W3110. Mol Syst Biol. 2006;2:2006.0007. doi: 10.1038/msb4100049. Epub 2006 Feb 21.
Pubmed: 16738553
Rawlings M, Cronan JE Jr: The gene encoding Escherichia coli acyl carrier protein lies within a cluster of fatty acid biosynthetic genes. J Biol Chem. 1992 Mar 25;267(9):5751-4.
Pubmed: 1556094
Jones AL, Kille P, Dancer JE, Harwood JL: The cloning and overexpression of E. coli acyl carrier protein (ACP). Biochem Soc Trans. 1993 May;21(2):202S. doi: 10.1042/bst021202s.
Pubmed: 8359454
Oshima T, Aiba H, Baba T, Fujita K, Hayashi K, Honjo A, Ikemoto K, Inada T, Itoh T, Kajihara M, Kanai K, Kashimoto K, Kimura S, Kitagawa M, Makino K, Masuda S, Miki T, Mizobuchi K, Mori H, Motomura K, Nakamura Y, Nashimoto H, Nishio Y, Saito N, Horiuchi T, et al.: A 718-kb DNA sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome corresponding to the 12.7-28.0 min region on the linkage map. DNA Res. 1996 Jun 30;3(3):137-55. doi: 10.1093/dnares/3.3.137.
Pubmed: 8905232
Heath RJ, Rock CO: A missense mutation accounts for the defect in the glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase expressed in the plsB26 mutant. J Bacteriol. 1999 Mar;181(6):1944-6.
Pubmed: 10074094
Lightner VA, Larson TJ, Tailleur P, Kantor GD, Raetz CR, Bell RM, Modrich P: Membrane phospholipid synthesis in Escherichia coli. Cloning of a structural gene (plsB) of the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyl/transferase. J Biol Chem. 1980 Oct 10;255(19):9413-20.
Pubmed: 6251087
Larson TJ, Lightner VA, Green PR, Modrich P, Bell RM: Membrane phospholipid synthesis in Escherichia coli. Identification of the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase polypeptide as the plsB gene product. J Biol Chem. 1980 Oct 10;255(19):9421-6.
Pubmed: 6997313
Coleman J: Characterization of the Escherichia coli gene for 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (plsC). Mol Gen Genet. 1992 Mar;232(2):295-303. doi: 10.1007/bf00280009.
Pubmed: 1557036
This pathway was generated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Generated from SMP0001017
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