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Pathway Description
Lipoate Biosynthesis and Incorporation I
Escherichia coli
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2015-10-14
Last Updated: 2024-11-18
Lipoate is an essential cofactor for key enzymes of oxidative metabolism. Mechanism of lipoate biosynthesis is similar to biotin biosynthesis. Octanoyltransferase facilitates the tranfer of octanoate moiety from octanoate-ACP to particular lysyl residues in lipoate-dependent enzymes. This process regenerates the acyl-carrier in the process, and create an octanylated domains in lipoate-dependent enzymes. Lipoyl synthase combines with S-adenosyl-L-methionine to generate an active lipoylated domain by converting the octanoyl side chain to an active lipoyl. Lipoyl synthase also split S-Adenosyl methionine (AdoMet) into 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical (later becomes 5'-deoxyadenosine by abstracting a hydrogen from a C-H bond) and L-methionine. L-methionine will undergo S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine Biosynthesis.
References
Lipoate Biosynthesis and Incorporation I References
Herbert AA, Guest JR: Lipoic acid content of Escherichia coli and other microorganisms. Arch Microbiol. 1975 Dec 31;106(3):259-66.
Pubmed: 814874
Reed KE, Cronan JE Jr: Lipoic acid metabolism in Escherichia coli: sequencing and functional characterization of the lipA and lipB genes. J Bacteriol. 1993 Mar;175(5):1325-36. doi: 10.1128/jb.175.5.1325-1336.1993.
Pubmed: 8444795
Oshima T, Aiba H, Baba T, Fujita K, Hayashi K, Honjo A, Ikemoto K, Inada T, Itoh T, Kajihara M, Kanai K, Kashimoto K, Kimura S, Kitagawa M, Makino K, Masuda S, Miki T, Mizobuchi K, Mori H, Motomura K, Nakamura Y, Nashimoto H, Nishio Y, Saito N, Horiuchi T, et al.: A 718-kb DNA sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome corresponding to the 12.7-28.0 min region on the linkage map. DNA Res. 1996 Jun 30;3(3):137-55. doi: 10.1093/dnares/3.3.137.
Pubmed: 8905232
Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.
Pubmed: 9278503
Cicchillo RM, Iwig DF, Jones AD, Nesbitt NM, Baleanu-Gogonea C, Souder MG, Tu L, Booker SJ: Lipoyl synthase requires two equivalents of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to synthesize one equivalent of lipoic acid. Biochemistry. 2004 Jun 1;43(21):6378-86. doi: 10.1021/bi049528x.
Pubmed: 15157071
Hayden MA, Huang I, Bussiere DE, Ashley GW: The biosynthesis of lipoic acid. Cloning of lip, a lipoate biosynthetic locus of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1992 May 15;267(14):9512-5.
Pubmed: 1577793
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