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Pathway Description
Cyclopropane Fatty Acid (CFA) Biosynthesis
Escherichia coli
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2015-10-14
Last Updated: 2019-09-12
Cyclopropane fatty acids (CFA) are synthesized by the modification of an unsaturated bond of acyl chains of phospholipid bilayers by methylenation via cyclopropane fatty acyl phospholipid synthase. CFA phospholipid synthase is a unique enzyme in that it acts on the nonpolar part of the phospholipids. The bond that is modified is about nine to eleven carbon atoms from the glycerol backbone. S-adenosyl-L-methionine donates a methylene group to the cis double bond of the unsaturated fatty acid. CFA synthase acts on phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. Cyclopropane fatty acids in the cytoplasmic membrane protect cells from ethanol, high osmotic pressure and other environmental stressors.
References
Cyclopropane Fatty Acid (CFA) Biosynthesis References
Eichel J, Chang YY, Riesenberg D, Cronan JE Jr: Effect of ppGpp on Escherichia coli cyclopropane fatty acid synthesis is mediated through the RpoS sigma factor (sigmaS). J Bacteriol. 1999 Jan;181(2):572-6.
Pubmed: 9882672
Chen YY, Ganzle MG: Influence of cyclopropane fatty acids on heat, high pressure, acid and oxidative resistance in Escherichia coli. Int J Food Microbiol. 2016 Apr 2;222:16-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.01.017. Epub 2016 Jan 26.
Pubmed: 26828814
Wang AY, Grogan DW, Cronan JE Jr: Cyclopropane fatty acid synthase of Escherichia coli: deduced amino acid sequence, purification, and studies of the enzyme active site. Biochemistry. 1992 Nov 17;31(45):11020-8. doi: 10.1021/bi00160a011.
Pubmed: 1445840
Aiba H, Baba T, Hayashi K, Inada T, Isono K, Itoh T, Kasai H, Kashimoto K, Kimura S, Kitakawa M, Kitagawa M, Makino K, Miki T, Mizobuchi K, Mori H, Mori T, Motomura K, Nakade S, Nakamura Y, Nashimoto H, Nishio Y, Oshima T, Saito N, Sampei G, Horiuchi T, et al.: A 570-kb DNA sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome corresponding to the 28.0-40.1 min region on the linkage map. DNA Res. 1996 Dec 31;3(6):363-77. doi: 10.1093/dnares/3.6.363.
Pubmed: 9097039
Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.
Pubmed: 9278503
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