Loading Pathway...
Error: Pathway image not found.
Hide
Pathway Description
Triacylglycerol Metabolism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2016-06-17
Last Updated: 2024-11-18
A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. The biosynthesis of triacylglycerol is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and starts with glycerol 3-phosphate reacting with acyl-CoA through a glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase resulting in the release of LPA. This, in turn, reacts with an acyl-CoA through a lipase complex resulting in the release of CoA and phosphatidic acid. Phosphatidic acid reacts with water through a phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase 1 resulting in the release of a phosphate and a diacylglycerol. This reaction can be reversed through a CTP-dependent diacylglycerol kinase. The diacylglycerol reacts in the endoplasmic reticulum with an acyl-CoA through a diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase resulting in the release of coenzyme A and a triacylglycerol. Triacylglycerol metabolism begins with a reaction with water through lipase resulting in the release of a fatty acid, hydrogen ion, and a diacylglycerol. Diacylglycerol then reacts with a lipase 3 resulting in the release of a fatty acid and a monoacylglycerol. Monoacylglycerol reacts with monoglyceride lipase resulting in the release of a fatty acid in glycerol.
References
Triacylglycerol Metabolism References
Athenstaedt K, Zweytick D, Jandrositz A, Kohlwein SD, Daum G: Identification and characterization of major lipid particle proteins of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol. 1999 Oct;181(20):6441-8.
Pubmed: 10515935
Czabany T, Athenstaedt K, Daum G: Synthesis, storage and degradation of neutral lipids in yeast. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Mar;1771(3):299-309. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.07.001. Epub 2006 Jul 13.
Pubmed: 16916618
Kurat CF, Natter K, Petschnigg J, Wolinski H, Scheuringer K, Scholz H, Zimmermann R, Leber R, Zechner R, Kohlwein SD: Obese yeast: triglyceride lipolysis is functionally conserved from mammals to yeast. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jan 6;281(1):491-500. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M508414200. Epub 2005 Nov 2.
Pubmed: 16267052
Henry SA, Kohlwein SD, Carman GM: Metabolism and regulation of glycerolipids in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 2012 Feb;190(2):317-49. doi: 10.1534/genetics.111.130286.
Pubmed: 22345606
Han GS, Siniossoglou S, Carman GM: The cellular functions of the yeast lipin homolog PAH1p are dependent on its phosphatidate phosphatase activity. J Biol Chem. 2007 Dec 21;282(51):37026-35. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M705777200. Epub 2007 Oct 30.
Pubmed: 17971454
Irie K, Takase M, Araki H, Oshima Y: A gene, SMP2, involved in plasmid maintenance and respiration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a highly charged protein. Mol Gen Genet. 1993 Jan;236(2-3):283-8. doi: 10.1007/bf00277124.
Pubmed: 8437575
Bowman S, Churcher C, Badcock K, Brown D, Chillingworth T, Connor R, Dedman K, Devlin K, Gentles S, Hamlin N, Hunt S, Jagels K, Lye G, Moule S, Odell C, Pearson D, Rajandream M, Rice P, Skelton J, Walsh S, Whitehead S, Barrell B: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XIII. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):90-3.
Pubmed: 9169872
Han GS, O'Hara L, Siniossoglou S, Carman GM: Characterization of the yeast DGK1-encoded CTP-dependent diacylglycerol kinase. J Biol Chem. 2008 Jul 18;283(29):20443-53. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M802866200. Epub 2008 May 5.
Pubmed: 18458076
Pearson BM, Hernando Y, Payne J, Wolf SS, Kalogeropoulos A, Schweizer M: Sequencing of a 35.71 kb DNA segment on the right arm of yeast chromosome XV reveals regions of similarity to chromosomes I and XIII. Yeast. 1996 Sep;12(10B Suppl):1021-31. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(199609)12:10B%3C1021::AID-YEA981%3E3.0.CO;2-7.
Pubmed: 8896266
Dujon B, Albermann K, Aldea M, Alexandraki D, Ansorge W, Arino J, Benes V, Bohn C, Bolotin-Fukuhara M, Bordonne R, Boyer J, Camasses A, Casamayor A, Casas C, Cheret G, Cziepluch C, Daignan-Fornier B, Dang DV, de Haan M, Delius H, Durand P, Fairhead C, Feldmann H, Gaillon L, Kleine K, et al.: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XV. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):98-102.
Pubmed: 9169874
Oelkers P, Cromley D, Padamsee M, Billheimer JT, Sturley SL: The DGA1 gene determines a second triglyceride synthetic pathway in yeast. J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar 15;277(11):8877-81. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111646200. Epub 2001 Dec 18.
Pubmed: 11751875
Engel SR, Dietrich FS, Fisk DG, Binkley G, Balakrishnan R, Costanzo MC, Dwight SS, Hitz BC, Karra K, Nash RS, Weng S, Wong ED, Lloyd P, Skrzypek MS, Miyasato SR, Simison M, Cherry JM: The reference genome sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: then and now. G3 (Bethesda). 2014 Mar 20;4(3):389-98. doi: 10.1534/g3.113.008995.
Pubmed: 24374639
Koffel R, Tiwari R, Falquet L, Schneiter R: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae YLL012/YEH1, YLR020/YEH2, and TGL1 genes encode a novel family of membrane-anchored lipases that are required for steryl ester hydrolysis. Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Mar;25(5):1655-68. doi: 10.1128/MCB.25.5.1655-1668.2005.
Pubmed: 15713625
Abraham PR, Mulder A, Van 't Riet J, Planta RJ, Raue HA: Molecular cloning and physical analysis of an 8.2 kb segment of chromosome XI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals five tightly linked genes. Yeast. 1992 Mar;8(3):227-38. doi: 10.1002/yea.320080309.
Pubmed: 1574929
Dujon B, Alexandraki D, Andre B, Ansorge W, Baladron V, Ballesta JP, Banrevi A, Bolle PA, Bolotin-Fukuhara M, Bossier P, Bou G, Boyer J, Bultrago MJ, Cheret G, Colleaux L, Dalgnan-Fornler B, del Rey F, Dlon C, Domdey H, Dusterhoft A, Dusterhus S, Entlan KD, Erfle H, Esteban PF, Feldmann H, Fernandes L, Robo GM, Fritz C, Fukuhara H, Gabel C, Gaillon L, Carcia-Cantalejo JM, Garcia-Ramirez JJ, Gent NE, Ghazvini M, Goffeau A, Gonzalez A, Grothues D, Guerreiro P, Hegemann J, Hewitt N, Hilger F, Hollenberg CP, Horaitis O, Indge KJ, Jacquier A, James CM, Jauniaux C, Jimenez A, Keuchel H, Kirchrath L, Kleine K, Kotter P, Legrain P, Liebl S, Louis EJ, Maia e Silva A, Marck C, Monnier AL, Mostl D, Muller S, Obermaier B, Oliver SG, Pallier C, Pascolo S, Pfeiffer F, Philippsen P, Planta RJ, Pohl FM, Pohl TM, Pohlmann R, Portetelle D, Purnelle B, Puzos V, Ramezani Rad M, Rasmussen SW, Remacha M, Revuelta JL, Richard GF, Rieger M, Rodrigues-Pousada C, Rose M, Rupp T, Santos MA, Schwager C, Sensen C, Skala J, Soares H, Sor F, Stegemann J, Tettelin H, Thierry A, Tzermia M, Urrestarazu LA, van Dyck L, Van Vliet-Reedijk JC, Valens M, Vandenbo M, Vilela C, Vissers S, von Wettstein D, Voss H, Wiemann S, Xu G, Zimmermann J, Haasemann M, Becker I, Mewes HW: Complete DNA sequence of yeast chromosome XI. Nature. 1994 Jun 2;369(6479):371-8. doi: 10.1038/369371a0.
Pubmed: 8196765
Van Heusden GP, Nebohacova M, Overbeeke TL, Steensma HY: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae TGL2 gene encodes a protein with lipolytic activity and can complement an Escherichia coli diacylglycerol kinase disruptant. Yeast. 1998 Feb;14(3):225-32. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(199802)14:3<225::AID-YEA215>3.0.CO;2-#.
Pubmed: 9544243
Brandt P, Ramlow S, Otto B, Bloecker H: Nucleotide sequence analysis of a 32,500 bp region of the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IV. Yeast. 1996 Jan;12(1):85-90. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(199601)12:1%3C85::AID-YEA890%3E3.0.CO;2-U.
Pubmed: 8789263
Jacq C, Alt-Morbe J, Andre B, Arnold W, Bahr A, Ballesta JP, Bargues M, Baron L, Becker A, Biteau N, Blocker H, Blugeon C, Boskovic J, Brandt P, Bruckner M, Buitrago MJ, Coster F, Delaveau T, del Rey F, Dujon B, Eide LG, Garcia-Cantalejo JM, Goffeau A, Gomez-Peris A, Zaccaria P, et al.: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IV. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):75-8.
Pubmed: 9169867
Athenstaedt K, Daum G: YMR313c/TGL3 encodes a novel triacylglycerol lipase located in lipid particles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 27;278(26):23317-23. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M302577200. Epub 2003 Apr 7.
Pubmed: 12682047
Garcia-Cantalejo J, Baladron V, Esteban PF, Santos MA, Bou G, Remacha MA, Revuelta JL, Ballesta JP, Jimenez A, del Rey F: The complete sequence of an 18,002 bp segment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XI contains the HBS1, MRP-L20 and PRP16 genes, and six new open reading frames. Yeast. 1994 Feb;10(2):231-45. doi: 10.1002/yea.320100210.
Pubmed: 8203164
Voss H, Benes V, Andrade MA, Valencia A, Rechmann S, Teodoru C, Schwager C, Paces V, Sander C, Ansorge W: DNA sequencing and analysis of 130 kb from yeast chromosome XV. Yeast. 1997 Jun 15;13(7):655-72. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(19970615)13:7<655::AID-YEA120>3.0.CO;2-I.
Pubmed: 9200815
Heinemeyer W, Trondle N, Albrecht G, Wolf DH: PRE5 and PRE6, the last missing genes encoding 20S proteasome subunits from yeast? Indication for a set of 14 different subunits in the eukaryotic proteasome core. Biochemistry. 1994 Oct 11;33(40):12229-37. doi: 10.1021/bi00206a028.
Pubmed: 7918444
Highlighted elements will appear in red.
Highlight Compounds
Highlight Proteins
Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.
Visualize Compound Data
Visualize Protein Data
Downloads
Settings