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Pathway Description
De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis
Caenorhabditis elegans
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2018-08-06
Last Updated: 2019-11-25
A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. De novo biosynthesis of triglycerides is also known as the phosphatidic acid pathway, and it is mainly associated with the liver and adipose tissue. All membrane-localized enzymes are coloured dark green in the image. First, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (or glycerone phosphate) from glycolysis is used by the cytosolic enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] to synthesize sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. Second, the mitochondrial outer membrane enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase esterifies an acyl-group to the sn-1 position of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LPA). The next three steps are localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The enzyme 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase converts LPA into phosphatidic acid (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) by esterifying an acyl-group to the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. Next, magnesium-dependent phosphatidate phosphatase catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid into diacylglycerol. Last, the enzyme diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase synthesizes triacylglycerol from diacylglycerol and a fatty acyl-CoA.
References
De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis References
Lehner R, Kuksis A: Biosynthesis of triacylglycerols. Prog Lipid Res. 1996;35(2):169-201.
Pubmed: 8944226
Watts JL, Ristow M: Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics. 2017 Oct;207(2):413-446. doi: 10.1534/genetics.117.300106.
Pubmed: 28978773
Vrablik TL, Petyuk VA, Larson EM, Smith RD, Watts JL: Lipidomic and proteomic analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans lipid droplets and identification of ACS-4 as a lipid droplet-associated protein. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 Oct;1851(10):1337-45. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.06.004. Epub 2015 Jun 27.
Pubmed: 26121959
Wilson R, Ainscough R, Anderson K, Baynes C, Berks M, Bonfield J, Burton J, Connell M, Copsey T, Cooper J, et al.: 2.2 Mb of contiguous nucleotide sequence from chromosome III of C. elegans. Nature. 1994 Mar 3;368(6466):32-8. doi: 10.1038/368032a0.
Pubmed: 7906398
Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating biology. Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):2012-8. doi: 10.1126/science.282.5396.2012.
Pubmed: 9851916
Bouvier-Nave P, Benveniste P, Noiriel A, Schaller H: Expression in yeast of an acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase cDNA from Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochem Soc Trans. 2000 Dec;28(6):692-5.
Pubmed: 11171173
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0015896
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