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Pathway Description
Sulfisoxazole Action Pathway
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Drug Action
Created: 2023-08-25
Last Updated: 2025-05-31
Sulfisoxazole is a short-acting antibiotic from the sulfonamide drug class. It has activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. This drug is indicated in the treatment of many infections: urinary tract infections, meningococcal meningitis, acute otitis media, trachoma, nocardiosis, chancroid, toxoplasmosis, malaria, and many others. This drug is bacteriostatic; it inhibits the replication of bacteria by inhibiting the dihydropteroate synthase. This enzyme is responsible for one of the reactions to synthesize folic acid in bacteria by the condensation of the pteridine with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). This drug stops the replication of the bacteria (bacteriostatic). Sulfisoxazole is administered as an oral tablet.
References
Sulfisoxazole Pathway References
Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Guo AC, Lo EJ, Marcu A, Grant JR, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Sayeeda Z, Assempour N, Iynkkaran I, Liu Y, Maciejewski A, Gale N, Wilson A, Chin L, Cummings R, Le D, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M: DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1037.
Pubmed: 29126136
Jorgensen JH, Crawford SA, Fiebelkorn KR: Susceptibility of Neisseria meningitidis to 16 antimicrobial agents and characterization of resistance mechanisms affecting some agents. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Jul;43(7):3162-71. doi: 10.1128/JCM.43.7.3162-3171.2005.
Pubmed: 16000430
Fiebelkorn KR, Crawford SA, Jorgensen JH: Mutations in folP associated with elevated sulfonamide MICs for Neisseria meningitidis clinical isolates from five continents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 Feb;49(2):536-40. doi: 10.1128/AAC.49.2.536-540.2005.
Pubmed: 15673729
Hong YL, Hossler PA, Calhoun DH, Meshnick SR: Inhibition of recombinant Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthetase by sulfa drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995 Aug;39(8):1756-63. doi: 10.1128/AAC.39.8.1756.
Pubmed: 7486915
Swedberg G, Fermer C, Skold O: Point mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase gene causing sulfonamide resistance. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1993;338:555-8. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2960-6_113.
Pubmed: 8304179
Dallas WS, Gowen JE, Ray PH, Cox MJ, Dev IK: Cloning, sequencing, and enhanced expression of the dihydropteroate synthase gene of Escherichia coli MC4100. J Bacteriol. 1992 Sep;174(18):5961-70. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.18.5961-5970.1992.
Pubmed: 1522070
Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.
Pubmed: 9278503
Bognar AL, Osborne C, Shane B: Primary structure of the Escherichia coli folC gene and its folylpolyglutamate synthetase-dihydrofolate synthetase product and regulation of expression by an upstream gene. J Biol Chem. 1987 Sep 5;262(25):12337-43.
Pubmed: 3040739
Kimlova LJ, Pyne C, Keshavjee K, Huy J, Beebakhee G, Bognar AL: Mutagenesis of the folC gene encoding folylpolyglutamate synthetase-dihydrofolate synthetase in Escherichia coli. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1991 Jan;284(1):9-16. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(91)90254-g.
Pubmed: 1989505
Nonet ML, Marvel CC, Tolan DR: The hisT-purF region of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome. Identification of additional genes of the hisT and purF operons. J Biol Chem. 1987 Sep 5;262(25):12209-17.
Pubmed: 3040734
Bennett CD, Rodkey JA, Sondey JM, Hirschmann R: Dihydrofolate reductase: the amino acid sequence of the enzyme from a methotrexate-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli. Biochemistry. 1978 Apr 4;17(7):1328-37. doi: 10.1021/bi00600a030.
Pubmed: 350268
Stone D, Phillips AW, Burchall JJ: The amino-acid sequence of the dihydrofolate reductase of a trimethoprim-resistant strain of Escherichia coli. Eur J Biochem. 1977 Feb;72(3):613-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11284.x.
Pubmed: 320005
Smith DR, Calvo JM: Nucleotide sequence of the E coli gene coding for dihydrofolate reductase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 May 24;8(10):2255-74. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.10.2255.
Pubmed: 6159575
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