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Pathway Description
Sulfamerazine Action Pathway
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Drug Action
Created: 2023-08-28
Last Updated: 2025-05-31
Sulfamerazine is an antibacterial agent from the sulfanilamide drug class. It is indicated in the treatment of many infections like bronchitis, prostatitis, and urinary tract infections. Sulfamerazine is a competitive inhibitor of the dihydropteroate synthetase (DHPS). This enzyme is essential in the synthesis of folic acids from para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) molecules. Sulfamerazine is bacteriostatic, it stops the growth of the bacteria by decreasing the synthesis of bacterial nucleotides and DNA. This drug is administered as an oral tablet.
References
Sulfamerazine Pathway References
Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Guo AC, Lo EJ, Marcu A, Grant JR, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Sayeeda Z, Assempour N, Iynkkaran I, Liu Y, Maciejewski A, Gale N, Wilson A, Chin L, Cummings R, Le D, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M: DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1037.
Pubmed: 29126136
Hong YL, Hossler PA, Calhoun DH, Meshnick SR: Inhibition of recombinant Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthetase by sulfa drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995 Aug;39(8):1756-63. doi: 10.1128/AAC.39.8.1756.
Pubmed: 7486915
Friaza V, Morilla R, Respaldiza N, de la Horra C, Calderon EJ: Pneumocystis jiroveci dihydropteroate synthase gene mutations among colonized individuals and Pneumocystis pneumonia patients from Spain. Postgrad Med. 2010 Nov;122(6):24-8. doi: 10.3810/pgm.2010.11.2219.
Pubmed: 21084778
Swedberg G, Fermer C, Skold O: Point mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase gene causing sulfonamide resistance. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1993;338:555-8. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2960-6_113.
Pubmed: 8304179
Dallas WS, Gowen JE, Ray PH, Cox MJ, Dev IK: Cloning, sequencing, and enhanced expression of the dihydropteroate synthase gene of Escherichia coli MC4100. J Bacteriol. 1992 Sep;174(18):5961-70. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.18.5961-5970.1992.
Pubmed: 1522070
Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.
Pubmed: 9278503
Bognar AL, Osborne C, Shane B: Primary structure of the Escherichia coli folC gene and its folylpolyglutamate synthetase-dihydrofolate synthetase product and regulation of expression by an upstream gene. J Biol Chem. 1987 Sep 5;262(25):12337-43.
Pubmed: 3040739
Kimlova LJ, Pyne C, Keshavjee K, Huy J, Beebakhee G, Bognar AL: Mutagenesis of the folC gene encoding folylpolyglutamate synthetase-dihydrofolate synthetase in Escherichia coli. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1991 Jan;284(1):9-16. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(91)90254-g.
Pubmed: 1989505
Nonet ML, Marvel CC, Tolan DR: The hisT-purF region of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome. Identification of additional genes of the hisT and purF operons. J Biol Chem. 1987 Sep 5;262(25):12209-17.
Pubmed: 3040734
Bennett CD, Rodkey JA, Sondey JM, Hirschmann R: Dihydrofolate reductase: the amino acid sequence of the enzyme from a methotrexate-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli. Biochemistry. 1978 Apr 4;17(7):1328-37. doi: 10.1021/bi00600a030.
Pubmed: 350268
Stone D, Phillips AW, Burchall JJ: The amino-acid sequence of the dihydrofolate reductase of a trimethoprim-resistant strain of Escherichia coli. Eur J Biochem. 1977 Feb;72(3):613-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11284.x.
Pubmed: 320005
Smith DR, Calvo JM: Nucleotide sequence of the E coli gene coding for dihydrofolate reductase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 May 24;8(10):2255-74. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.10.2255.
Pubmed: 6159575
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