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Pathway Description
Gluconate utilization: gntK, gntU
Escherichia coli K-12
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Signaling
Created: 2025-03-25
Last Updated: 2025-07-22
The regulation of the gntKU operon. The operon is inhibited by gntR (HTH-type transcriptional regulator) and activated by gluconate. GntR binds to the promoter, inhibiting crp from binding and transcribing the operon. When gluconate is present in the cell, gntR releases the promoter, allowing for expression of the operon. There are two products of this operon: gntK (Thermoresistant gluconokinase) and gntU (Low-affinity gluconate transporter). Both products are used in the utilization of gluconate. GntK is an enzyme used to turn gluconate to gluconate-6-phophate. GntU is a transporter used to transport gluconate into the cell.
References
Gluconate utilization: gntK, gntU References
Tsunedomi R, Izu H, Kawai T, Matsushita K, Ferenci T, Yamada M: The activator of GntII genes for gluconate metabolism, GntH, exerts negative control of GntR-regulated GntI genes in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 2003 Mar;185(6):1783-95. doi: 10.1128/JB.185.6.1783-1795.2003.
Pubmed: 12618441
Izu H, Adachi O, Yamada M: Gene organization and transcriptional regulation of the gntRKU operon involved in gluconate uptake and catabolism of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1997 Apr 11;267(4):778-93. doi: 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0913.
Pubmed: 9135111
Zhang M, Zhao X, Chen X, Li M, Wang X: Enhancement of riboflavin production in Bacillus subtilis via in vitro and in vivo metabolic engineering of pentose phosphate pathway. Biotechnol Lett. 2021 Dec;43(12):2209-2216. doi: 10.1007/s10529-021-03190-2. Epub 2021 Oct 4.
Pubmed: 34606014
Fujita Y, Fujita T, Miwa Y, Nihashi J, Aratani Y: Organization and transcription of the gluconate operon, gnt, of Bacillus subtilis. J Biol Chem. 1986 Oct 15;261(29):13744-53.
Pubmed: 3020045
Reizer A, Deutscher J, Saier MH Jr, Reizer J: Analysis of the gluconate (gnt) operon of Bacillus subtilis. Mol Microbiol. 1991 May;5(5):1081-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01880.x.
Pubmed: 1659648
Tong S, Porco A, Isturiz T, Conway T: Cloning and molecular genetic characterization of the Escherichia coli gntR, gntK, and gntU genes of GntI, the main system for gluconate metabolism. J Bacteriol. 1996 Jun;178(11):3260-9. doi: 10.1128/jb.178.11.3260-3269.1996.
Pubmed: 8655507
Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.
Pubmed: 9278503
Yamada M, Kawai T, Izu H: Analysis of the Escherichia coli gntT and gntU genes and comparison of the products with their homologues. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1996 Sep;60(9):1548-50.
Pubmed: 8987614
Cossart P, Gicquel-Sanzey B: Cloning and sequence of the crp gene of Escherichia coli K 12. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Feb 25;10(4):1363-78. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.4.1363.
Pubmed: 6280141
Aiba H, Fujimoto S, Ozaki N: Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the gene for E. coli cAMP receptor protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Feb 25;10(4):1345-61. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.4.1345.
Pubmed: 6280140
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