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Matched Description: and gemcitabine. It blocks other ligands of the EGFR from binding and activating numerous signalling … cascades to promote cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. The main cascades that are … affected are the MAPK signalling cascade, which affects the synthesis of DNA for proliferation and … differentiation and the PI3K/AKT1 signalling cascade which also affects proliferation but also controls … apoptosis. MAPK is activated through the epidermal growth factor receptor on the cell membrane and

Matched Description: of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency. It can be found under the brand name Toviaz … bladder (OAB). These patients experience symptoms of urgency, urinary frequency and nocturia, with or … pro-drug, structurally and functionally related to tolterodine, is the newest agent developed for the … compound and is responsible for dose related improvements in clinical efficacy and health related … frequency and increasing mean voided volume) and urgency (urgency and urge incontinence episodes

Matched Description: Procyclidine is an antispasmodic drug used to treat parkinsonism of various types and in the … treatment of extrapyramidal symptoms. A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is … used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism. Procyclidine has … receptors M1, M2 and M4. It is used to treat symptomatic Parkinsonism and extrapyramidal dysfunction caused … by blocking central cholinergic receptors, and thus balancing cholinergic and dopaminergic activity

Matched Description: with the agonist action of histamine at the H1 receptor and are administered to attenuate … inflammatory process in order to treat conditions such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and … phospholipase C and the phosphatidylinositol (PIP2) signalling pathways also decreases antigen presentation … and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and chemotactic factors … further histamine release. First-generation antihistamines readily cross the blood-brain barrier and

Matched Description: Thenalidine is a piperidine H1-antihistamine that was withdrawn from Canadian, US, and UK markets … action of histamine at the H1 receptor and are administered to attenuate inflammatory process in … order to treat conditions such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria. Reducing … the activity of the NF-κB immune response transcription factor through the phospholipase C and the … phosphatidylinositol (PIP2) signalling pathways also decreases antigen presentation and the

Matched Description: therapies. The HIV virus binds and penetrates the host cell. Viral RNA is transcribed into viral DNA … via reverse transcriptase. Viral DNA enters the host nucleus and is integrated into the host DNA via … for the capsid and matrix protein to form the outer protein shell, and Pol encodes for the reverse … transcriptase and integrase protein to synthesize and incorporate its genome into host cells. HIV-1 … , integrase, and reverse transcriptase. Darunavir inhibits HIV-1 protease. This inhibition prevents the HIV

Matched Description: Ziprasidone is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar mania, and acute … measures symptoms of mania such as mood, insomnia, excessive energy and activity, and overall … behavior and ideation. Ziprasidone is also used as off-labeled for monotherapy in acute hypomania … , and for the treatment of delirium in the ICU. Ziprasidone presents in both oral capsule and … for dopaminergic (DA), serotonergic (5HT), adrenergic (a1), and histaminergic (HA) receptors

Matched Description: Bopindolol is a non-cardioselective beta blocker and the ester prodrug of pinolol. It can be … administered orally, where it passes through hepatic portal circulation, and enters the bloodstream and … travels to act on cardiomyocytes. In bronchial and vascular smooth muscle, bopindolol can compete with … activates SRC and nitric oxide synthase, its inhibition causes the inhibition of cAMP, PKA, SRC and nitric … Caspase 3 and Caspase 9. This Caspase cascade leads to cell apoptosis. The net result of all these

Matched Description: , hypersensitivity reactions, and pruritic skin disorders. H1-antihistamines interfere with the agonist action of … histamine at the H1 receptor and are administered to attenuate inflammatory process in order to treat … conditions such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria. H1-antihistamines act … blood vessels, and in smooth muscles of lungs and intestines to relax those muscles. H1-antihistamines … interfere with the agonist action of histamine at the H1 receptor and are administered to attenuate

Matched Description: Cetirizine is a selective Histamine-1 antagonist drug used in allergic rhinitis and chronic … urticaria. H1-antihistamines interfere with the agonist action of histamine at the H1 receptor and are … , allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria. H1-antihistamines act on H1 receptors in T-cells to inhibit … the immune response, in blood vessels to constrict dilated blood vessels, and in smooth muscles of … lungs and intestines to relax those muscles. H1-antihistamines interfere with the agonist action of