Loading Pathway...
Error: Pathway image not found.
Hide
Pathway Description
Tyrosine Metabolism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2016-02-01
Last Updated: 2025-01-25
The biosynthesis of tyrosine begins with chorismate interacting with chorismate mutase resulting in a prephenate. Prephenate reacts with a hydrogen ion through a prephenate dehydratase resulting in the release of NADPH, carbon dioxide and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. The latter compound can be turn into tyrosine through two different reversible reactions a) 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate reacts with alanine through a aromatic amino acid aminotransferase 2 resulting in the release of pyruvate and phenylalanine. b) 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvatereacts with glutamic acid through a amino aci aminotransferase 1 resulting in the release of oxoglutaric acid and phenylalanine. The degradation of phenylalanine begins with the two previous reactions turning phenylalanine back into 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. The latter compound reacts with a phenylpyruvate carboxy lyase resulting in the release of phenylacetaldehyde. This latter compound reacts with a alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in the release of tyrosol.
References
Tyrosine Metabolism References
Braus GH: Aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a model system for the regulation of a eukaryotic biosynthetic pathway. Microbiol Rev. 1991 Sep;55(3):349-70.
Pubmed: 1943992
Urrestarazu A, Vissers S, Iraqui I, Grenson M: Phenylalanine- and tyrosine-auxotrophic mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae impaired in transamination. Mol Gen Genet. 1998 Jan;257(2):230-7.
Pubmed: 9491082
Iraqui I, Vissers S, Cartiaux M, Urrestarazu A: Characterisation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARO8 and ARO9 genes encoding aromatic aminotransferases I and II reveals a new aminotransferase subfamily. Mol Gen Genet. 1998 Jan;257(2):238-48.
Pubmed: 9491083
SENTHESHANMUGANATHAN S, ELSDEN SR: The mechanism of the formation of tyrosol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem J. 1958 Jun;69(2):210-8.
Pubmed: 13546168
Mannhaupt G, Stucka R, Pilz U, Schwarzlose C, Feldmann H: Characterization of the prephenate dehydrogenase-encoding gene, TYR1, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene. 1989 Dec 28;85(2):303-11. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(89)90422-8.
Pubmed: 2697638
Feldmann H, Aigle M, Aljinovic G, Andre B, Baclet MC, Barthe C, Baur A, Becam AM, Biteau N, Boles E, Brandt T, Brendel M, Bruckner M, Bussereau F, Christiansen C, Contreras R, Crouzet M, Cziepluch C, Demolis N, Delaveau T, Doignon F, Domdey H, Dusterhus S, Dubois E, Dujon B, El Bakkoury M, Entian KD, Feurmann M, Fiers W, Fobo GM, Fritz C, Gassenhuber H, Glandsdorff N, Goffeau A, Grivell LA, de Haan M, Hein C, Herbert CJ, Hollenberg CP, Holmstrom K, Jacq C, Jacquet M, Jauniaux JC, Jonniaux JL, Kallesoe T, Kiesau P, Kirchrath L, Kotter P, Korol S, Liebl S, Logghe M, Lohan AJ, Louis EJ, Li ZY, Maat MJ, Mallet L, Mannhaupt G, Messenguy F, Miosga T, Molemans F, Muller S, Nasr F, Obermaier B, Perea J, Pierard A, Piravandi E, Pohl FM, Pohl TM, Potier S, Proft M, Purnelle B, Ramezani Rad M, Rieger M, Rose M, Schaaff-Gerstenschlager I, Scherens B, Schwarzlose C, Skala J, Slonimski PP, Smits PH, Souciet JL, Steensma HY, Stucka R, Urrestarazu A, van der Aart QJ, van Dyck L, Vassarotti A, Vetter I, Vierendeels F, Vissers S, Wagner G, de Wergifosse P, Wolfe KH, Zagulski M, Zimmermann FK, Mewes HW, Kleine K: Complete DNA sequence of yeast chromosome II. EMBO J. 1994 Dec 15;13(24):5795-809.
Pubmed: 7813418
Engel SR, Dietrich FS, Fisk DG, Binkley G, Balakrishnan R, Costanzo MC, Dwight SS, Hitz BC, Karra K, Nash RS, Weng S, Wong ED, Lloyd P, Skrzypek MS, Miyasato SR, Simison M, Cherry JM: The reference genome sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: then and now. G3 (Bethesda). 2014 Mar 20;4(3):389-98. doi: 10.1534/g3.113.008995.
Pubmed: 24374639
Iraqui I, Vissers S, Cartiaux M, Urrestarazu A: Characterisation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARO8 and ARO9 genes encoding aromatic aminotransferases I and II reveals a new aminotransferase subfamily. Mol Gen Genet. 1998 Jan;257(2):238-48. doi: 10.1007/s004380050644.
Pubmed: 9491083
Johnston M, Andrews S, Brinkman R, Cooper J, Ding H, Dover J, Du Z, Favello A, Fulton L, Gattung S, et al.: Complete nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VIII. Science. 1994 Sep 30;265(5181):2077-82. doi: 10.1126/science.8091229.
Pubmed: 8091229
Tettelin H, Agostoni Carbone ML, Albermann K, Albers M, Arroyo J, Backes U, Barreiros T, Bertani I, Bjourson AJ, Bruckner M, Bruschi CV, Carignani G, Castagnoli L, Cerdan E, Clemente ML, Coblenz A, Coglievina M, Coissac E, Defoor E, Del Bino S, Delius H, Delneri D, de Wergifosse P, Dujon B, Kleine K, et al.: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):81-4.
Pubmed: 9169869
Kellermann E, Seeboth PG, Hollenberg CP: Analysis of the primary structure and promoter function of a pyruvate decarboxylase gene (PDC1) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Nov 25;14(22):8963-77. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.22.8963.
Pubmed: 3537965
Hohmann S, Cederberg H: Autoregulation may control the expression of yeast pyruvate decarboxylase structural genes PDC1 and PDC5. Eur J Biochem. 1990 Mar 30;188(3):615-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb15442.x.
Pubmed: 2185016
Liesen T, Hollenberg CP, Heinisch JJ: ERA, a novel cis-acting element required for autoregulation and ethanol repression of PDC1 transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Microbiol. 1996 Aug;21(3):621-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02570.x.
Pubmed: 8866484
Muller EH, Richards EJ, Norbeck J, Byrne KL, Karlsson KA, Pretorius GH, Meacock PA, Blomberg A, Hohmann S: Thiamine repression and pyruvate decarboxylase autoregulation independently control the expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PDC5 gene. FEBS Lett. 1999 Apr 23;449(2-3):245-50. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00449-4.
Pubmed: 10338141
Johnston M, Hillier L, Riles L, Albermann K, Andre B, Ansorge W, Benes V, Bruckner M, Delius H, Dubois E, Dusterhoft A, Entian KD, Floeth M, Goffeau A, Hebling U, Heumann K, Heuss-Neitzel D, Hilbert H, Hilger F, Kleine K, Kotter P, Louis EJ, Messenguy F, Mewes HW, Hoheisel JD, et al.: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XII. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):87-90.
Pubmed: 9169871
Hohmann S: Characterization of PDC6, a third structural gene for pyruvate decarboxylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol. 1991 Dec;173(24):7963-9. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.24.7963-7969.1991.
Pubmed: 1744053
Oliver SG, van der Aart QJ, Agostoni-Carbone ML, Aigle M, Alberghina L, Alexandraki D, Antoine G, Anwar R, Ballesta JP, Benit P, et al.: The complete DNA sequence of yeast chromosome III. Nature. 1992 May 7;357(6373):38-46. doi: 10.1038/357038a0.
Pubmed: 1574125
Larroy C, Pares X, Biosca JA: Characterization of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae NADP(H)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHVII), a member of the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase family. Eur J Biochem. 2002 Nov;269(22):5738-45. doi: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03296.x.
Pubmed: 12423374
Highlighted elements will appear in red.
Highlight Compounds
Highlight Proteins
Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.
Visualize Compound Data
Visualize Protein Data
Downloads
Settings