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Pathway Description
Pyruvate Metabolism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2016-02-05
Last Updated: 2025-01-25
The metabolism of pyruvate begins with its biosynthesis which can happen through 5 different sets of reactions.
A) Lactaldehyde reacts with an NADPH dependent methylglyoxal reductase results in the release of a pyruvaldehyde. Pyruvaldehyde reacts with glutathione through a lactylglutathione lyase resulting in the release of s-lactoylglutathione. The latter compound then reacts with water through a hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase resulting in the release of glutathione and D-lactic acid. Lactic acid then reacts with a ferricytochrome c through a D-lactate dehydrogenase resulting in the release of ferrocytochrome c, a hydrogen ion and pyruvic acid.
B) L-lactic acid reacts with a ferricytochrome c through a L-lactate dehydrogenase resulting in the release of ferrocytochrome c, a hydrogen ion and pyruvic acid.
C)Phosphoenolpyruvic acid reacts with an ADP through pyruvate kinase II resulting in the release of pyruvic acid.
D)Phosphoenolpyruvic acid reacts in a reversible reaction with an ADP or ATP driven phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase resulting in the release of oxalacetic acid which reacts with ADP driven pyruvate carboxylase resulting in the release of pyruvic acid.
E)L-malic acid reacts in a reversible reaction through NAD driven malate dehydrogenase resulting in the release of pyruvic acid.
Pyruvic acid is degraded through 2 sets of reactions
a)Pyruvic acid reacts with a pyruvate decarboxylase resulting in the release of acetaldehyde. This compound then reacts with alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in the release of ethanol
b)Pyruvic acid reacts with a Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex resulting in the release of 2-(a-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate. The latter compound reacts with a Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex resulting in the release of S-Acetyldihydrolipoamide-E reacts with a Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex resulting in the release of acetyl-CoA. Acetyl CoA can then be metabolized through different reactions to produce the resulting acetate, acetyl adenylate, isopropylmalic acid acetoacetyl coa, malonyl coa or homocitric acid
References
Pyruvate Metabolism References
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Hu Y, Rolfs A, Bhullar B, Murthy TV, Zhu C, Berger MF, Camargo AA, Kelley F, McCarron S, Jepson D, Richardson A, Raphael J, Moreira D, Taycher E, Zuo D, Mohr S, Kane MF, Williamson J, Simpson A, Bulyk ML, Harlow E, Marsischky G, Kolodner RD, LaBaer J: Approaching a complete repository of sequence-verified protein-encoding clones for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genome Res. 2007 Apr;17(4):536-43. doi: 10.1101/gr.6037607. Epub 2007 Feb 23.
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Chelstowska A, Liu Z, Jia Y, Amberg D, Butow RA: Signalling between mitochondria and the nucleus regulates the expression of a new D-lactate dehydrogenase activity in yeast. Yeast. 1999 Sep 30;15(13):1377-91. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(19990930)15:13<1377::AID-YEA473>3.0.CO;2-0.
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McNally T, Purvis IJ, Fothergill-Gilmore LA, Brown AJ: The yeast pyruvate kinase gene does not contain a string of non-preferred codons: revised nucleotide sequence. FEBS Lett. 1989 Apr 24;247(2):312-6. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)81359-6.
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Burke RL, Tekamp-Olson P, Najarian R: The isolation, characterization, and sequence of the pyruvate kinase gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem. 1983 Feb 25;258(4):2193-201.
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Purnelle B, Goffeau A: Nucleotide sequence analysis of a 40 kb segment on the right arm of yeast chromosome XV reveals 18 open reading frames including a new pyruvate kinase and three homologues to chromosome I genes. Yeast. 1996 Nov;12(14):1475-81. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(199611)12:14%3C1475::AID-YEA32%3E3.0.CO;2-V.
Pubmed: 8948102
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