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Pathway Description
Leucine Degradation
Arabidopsis thaliana
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2016-05-05
Last Updated: 2025-01-25
The degradation of L-leucine starts either in the mitochondria, the cytosol or the chloroplast. L-leucine reacts with 2-oxoglutarate through a branch-chain amino acid aminotransferase resulting in the release of ketoleucine and glutamate. Ketoleucine reacts with coenzyme a through a NAD dependent branched chain keto-acid dehydrogenase complex resulting in the release of NADH, carbon dioxide and isovaleryl-CoA. Isovaleryl-CoA reacts with an oxidized electron flavoprotein resulting in the release of a reduced flavoprotein and a methylcrotonyl-CoA. The latter reacts with ATP and hydrogen carbonate through a 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase resulting in the release of phosphate, ADP, hydrogen ion and 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA. The latter compound reacts with water through a methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase resulting in the release of hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA. The latter reacts with a hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase resulting in the release of acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate.
References
Leucine Degradation References
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Pubmed: 22303262
Diebold R, Schuster J, Daschner K, Binder S: The branched-chain amino acid transaminase gene family in Arabidopsis encodes plastid and mitochondrial proteins. Plant Physiol. 2002 Jun;129(2):540-50. doi: 10.1104/pp.001602.
Pubmed: 12068099
Fujiki Y, Sato T, Ito M, Watanabe A: Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones for the e1beta and E2 subunits of the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex in Arabidopsis. J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 25;275(8):6007-13.
Pubmed: 10681595
Schuster J, Binder S: The mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase (AtBCAT-1) is capable to initiate degradation of leucine, isoleucine and valine in almost all tissues in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol Biol. 2005 Jan;57(2):241-54. doi: 10.1007/s11103-004-7533-1.
Pubmed: 15821880
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Pubmed: 14764908
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Pubmed: 23961884
Daschner K, Couee I, Binder S: The mitochondrial isovaleryl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase of arabidopsis oxidizes intermediates of leucine and valine catabolism. Plant Physiol. 2001 Jun;126(2):601-12.
Pubmed: 11402190
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Pubmed: 16923016
Knill T, Schuster J, Reichelt M, Gershenzon J, Binder S: Arabidopsis branched-chain aminotransferase 3 functions in both amino acid and glucosinolate biosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 2008 Mar;146(3):1028-39. doi: 10.1104/pp.107.111609. Epub 2007 Dec 27.
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Pubmed: 11598235
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Pubmed: 16415216
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Pubmed: 17056707
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Pubmed: 11130712
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Pubmed: 27862469
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Pubmed: 11130713
Sato S, Kaneko T, Kotani H, Nakamura Y, Asamizu E, Miyajima N, Tabata S: Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. IV. Sequence features of the regions of 1,456,315 bp covered by nineteen physically assigned P1 and TAC clones. DNA Res. 1998 Feb 28;5(1):41-54. doi: 10.1093/dnares/5.1.41.
Pubmed: 9628582
Tabata S, Kaneko T, Nakamura Y, Kotani H, Kato T, Asamizu E, Miyajima N, Sasamoto S, Kimura T, Hosouchi T, Kawashima K, Kohara M, Matsumoto M, Matsuno A, Muraki A, Nakayama S, Nakazaki N, Naruo K, Okumura S, Shinpo S, Takeuchi C, Wada T, Watanabe A, Yamada M, Yasuda M, Sato S, de la Bastide M, Huang E, Spiegel L, Gnoj L, O'Shaughnessy A, Preston R, Habermann K, Murray J, Johnson D, Rohlfing T, Nelson J, Stoneking T, Pepin K, Spieth J, Sekhon M, Armstrong J, Becker M, Belter E, Cordum H, Cordes M, Courtney L, Courtney W, Dante M, Du H, Edwards J, Fryman J, Haakensen B, Lamar E, Latreille P, Leonard S, Meyer R, Mulvaney E, Ozersky P, Riley A, Strowmatt C, Wagner-McPherson C, Wollam A, Yoakum M, Bell M, Dedhia N, Parnell L, Shah R, Rodriguez M, See LH, Vil D, Baker J, Kirchoff K, Toth K, King L, Bahret A, Miller B, Marra M, Martienssen R, McCombie WR, Wilson RK, Murphy G, Bancroft I, Volckaert G, Wambutt R, Dusterhoft A, Stiekema W, Pohl T, Entian KD, Terryn N, Hartley N, Bent E, Johnson S, Langham SA, McCullagh B, Robben J, Grymonprez B, Zimmermann W, Ramsperger U, Wedler H, Balke K, Wedler E, Peters S, van Staveren M, Dirkse W, Mooijman P, Lankhorst RK, Weitzenegger T, Bothe G, Rose M, Hauf J, Berneiser S, Hempel S, Feldpausch M, Lamberth S, Villarroel R, Gielen J, Ardiles W, Bents O, Lemcke K, Kolesov G, Mayer K, Rudd S, Schoof H, Schueller C, Zaccaria P, Mewes HW, Bevan M, Fransz P: Sequence and analysis of chromosome 5 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature. 2000 Dec 14;408(6814):823-6. doi: 10.1038/35048507.
Pubmed: 11130714
Yamada K, Lim J, Dale JM, Chen H, Shinn P, Palm CJ, Southwick AM, Wu HC, Kim C, Nguyen M, Pham P, Cheuk R, Karlin-Newmann G, Liu SX, Lam B, Sakano H, Wu T, Yu G, Miranda M, Quach HL, Tripp M, Chang CH, Lee JM, Toriumi M, Chan MM, Tang CC, Onodera CS, Deng JM, Akiyama K, Ansari Y, Arakawa T, Banh J, Banno F, Bowser L, Brooks S, Carninci P, Chao Q, Choy N, Enju A, Goldsmith AD, Gurjal M, Hansen NF, Hayashizaki Y, Johnson-Hopson C, Hsuan VW, Iida K, Karnes M, Khan S, Koesema E, Ishida J, Jiang PX, Jones T, Kawai J, Kamiya A, Meyers C, Nakajima M, Narusaka M, Seki M, Sakurai T, Satou M, Tamse R, Vaysberg M, Wallender EK, Wong C, Yamamura Y, Yuan S, Shinozaki K, Davis RW, Theologis A, Ecker JR: Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome. Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):842-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1088305.
Pubmed: 14593172
Fujiki Y, Sato T, Ito M, Watanabe A: Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones for the e1beta and E2 subunits of the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex in Arabidopsis. J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 25;275(8):6007-13. doi: 10.1074/jbc.275.8.6007.
Pubmed: 10681595
Kaneko T, Katoh T, Sato S, Nakamura A, Asamizu E, Tabata S: Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 3. II. Sequence features of the 4,251,695 bp regions covered by 90 P1, TAC and BAC clones. DNA Res. 2000 Jun 30;7(3):217-21. doi: 10.1093/dnares/7.3.217.
Pubmed: 10907853
Sato S, Nakamura Y, Kaneko T, Katoh T, Asamizu E, Tabata S: Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 3. I. Sequence features of the regions of 4,504,864 bp covered by sixty P1 and TAC clones. DNA Res. 2000 Apr 28;7(2):131-5. doi: 10.1093/dnares/7.2.131.
Pubmed: 10819329
Weaver LM, Lebrun L, Franklin A, Huang L, Hoffman N, Wurtele ES, Nikolau BJ: Molecular cloning of the biotinylated subunit of 3-methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A carboxylase of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 1995 Mar;107(3):1013-4. doi: 10.1104/pp.107.3.1013.
Pubmed: 7716229
McKean AL, Ke J, Song J, Che P, Achenbach S, Nikolau BJ, Wurtele ES: Molecular characterization of the non-biotin-containing subunit of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase. J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 25;275(8):5582-90. doi: 10.1074/jbc.275.8.5582.
Pubmed: 10681539
Mayer K, Schuller C, Wambutt R, Murphy G, Volckaert G, Pohl T, Dusterhoft A, Stiekema W, Entian KD, Terryn N, Harris B, Ansorge W, Brandt P, Grivell L, Rieger M, Weichselgartner M, de Simone V, Obermaier B, Mache R, Muller M, Kreis M, Delseny M, Puigdomenech P, Watson M, Schmidtheini T, Reichert B, Portatelle D, Perez-Alonso M, Boutry M, Bancroft I, Vos P, Hoheisel J, Zimmermann W, Wedler H, Ridley P, Langham SA, McCullagh B, Bilham L, Robben J, Van der Schueren J, Grymonprez B, Chuang YJ, Vandenbussche F, Braeken M, Weltjens I, Voet M, Bastiaens I, Aert R, Defoor E, Weitzenegger T, Bothe G, Ramsperger U, Hilbert H, Braun M, Holzer E, Brandt A, Peters S, van Staveren M, Dirske W, Mooijman P, Klein Lankhorst R, Rose M, Hauf J, Kotter P, Berneiser S, Hempel S, Feldpausch M, Lamberth S, Van den Daele H, De Keyser A, Buysshaert C, Gielen J, Villarroel R, De Clercq R, Van Montagu M, Rogers J, Cronin A, Quail M, Bray-Allen S, Clark L, Doggett J, Hall S, Kay M, Lennard N, McLay K, Mayes R, Pettett A, Rajandream MA, Lyne M, Benes V, Rechmann S, Borkova D, Blocker H, Scharfe M, Grimm M, Lohnert TH, Dose S, de Haan M, Maarse A, Schafer M, Muller-Auer S, Gabel C, Fuchs M, Fartmann B, Granderath K, Dauner D, Herzl A, Neumann S, Argiriou A, Vitale D, Liguori R, Piravandi E, Massenet O, Quigley F, Clabauld G, Mundlein A, Felber R, Schnabl S, Hiller R, Schmidt W, Lecharny A, Aubourg S, Chefdor F, Cooke R, Berger C, Montfort A, Casacuberta E, Gibbons T, Weber N, Vandenbol M, Bargues M, Terol J, Torres A, Perez-Perez A, Purnelle B, Bent E, Johnson S, Tacon D, Jesse T, Heijnen L, Schwarz S, Scholler P, Heber S, Francs P, Bielke C, Frishman D, Haase D, Lemcke K, Mewes HW, Stocker S, Zaccaria P, Bevan M, Wilson RK, de la Bastide M, Habermann K, Parnell L, Dedhia N, Gnoj L, Schutz K, Huang E, Spiegel L, Sehkon M, Murray J, Sheet P, Cordes M, Abu-Threideh J, Stoneking T, Kalicki J, Graves T, Harmon G, Edwards J, Latreille P, Courtney L, Cloud J, Abbott A, Scott K, Johnson D, Minx P, Bentley D, Fulton B, Miller N, Greco T, Kemp K, Kramer J, Fulton L, Mardis E, Dante M, Pepin K, Hillier L, Nelson J, Spieth J, Ryan E, Andrews S, Geisel C, Layman D, Du H, Ali J, Berghoff A, Jones K, Drone K, Cotton M, Joshu C, Antonoiu B, Zidanic M, Strong C, Sun H, Lamar B, Yordan C, Ma P, Zhong J, Preston R, Vil D, Shekher M, Matero A, Shah R, Swaby IK, O'Shaughnessy A, Rodriguez M, Hoffmann J, Till S, Granat S, Shohdy N, Hasegawa A, Hameed A, Lodhi M, Johnson A, Chen E, Marra M, Martienssen R, McCombie WR: Sequence and analysis of chromosome 4 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature. 1999 Dec 16;402(6763):769-77. doi: 10.1038/47134.
Pubmed: 10617198
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