Loading Pathway...
Error: Pathway image not found.
Hide
Pathway Description
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis
Arabidopsis thaliana
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2020-06-24
Last Updated: 2023-10-28
Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis is responsible for creating large amounts of secondary metabolites from many different intermediates from other pathways such as the shikimate pathway. The biosynthesis has many different reductases, oxygenases and transferases which help create the specific secondary metabolites necessary for characteristic plant development. From L-phenylalanine, cinnamic acid and cinnamoyl-CoA are products which can further create coumaroyl-CoA, an important metabolite with feeds into all downstream reactions for other metabolites. Downstream metabolites caffeic acid, ferulic acid, 5-hydroxyferulic acid, and sinapic acid can all be reduced into their CoA, aldehyde and aldehyde form through similar enzymes and can be converted between each other as well. All the alcohols at the end can feed into lignin biosynthesis, which is important for plant structure. The metabolites cinnamoyl-CoA and p-coumaroyl-CoA can feed into flavonoid, stillnenoid, diarylhe paranoid and gingerol biosynthesis.
References
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis References
HMDB. (n.d.). Metabocard for p-Coumaraldehyde. HMDB. Retrieved from https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0040986
Harrington M J, Mutwil M, Barrière Y, Sibout R. Chapter 3 - Molecular Biology of Lignification in Grasses. Advances in Botanical Research 61:77-112, 2012.
Wagner A, Donaldson L, Ralph J. Chapter 2 - Lignification and Lignin Manipulations in Conifers. Advances in Botanical Research 61:37-76, 2012.
Kim S, Kim M, Bedgar D. L, Moinuddin S. G. A, Cardenas C. L, Davin L. B, Kang C, Lewis N. G. Functional reclassification of the putative cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase multigene family in Arabidopsis. PNAS 101(6): 1455-1460, 2004.
Foodb. Compound 5-hydroxy-coniferaldehyde (FDB030570). Foodb. Retrieved from https://foodb.ca/compounds/FDB030570
Foodb. Compound sinapoyl-CoA (FDB031176). Foodb. Retrieved from https://foodb.ca/compounds/FDB031176
Sibout R, Höfte H. Plant Cell Biology: The ABC of Monolignol Transport. Current Biology 22(13): R533-R535, 2012.
Liu Z, Tavares R, Forsythe E. S, André F, Lugan R, Jonasson G, Boutet-Mercey S, Tohge T, Beilstein M. A, Werck-Reichhart D, Renault H. Evolutionary interplay between sister cytochrome P450 genes shapes plasticity in plant metabolism. Nature Communications 7: 13026, 2016.
Vogt T. Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis. Molecular Plant 3(1): 2-20, 2010.
Wanner LA, Li G, Ware D, Somssich IE, Davis KR: The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol Biol. 1995 Jan;27(2):327-38. doi: 10.1007/bf00020187.
Pubmed: 7888622
Cochrane FC, Davin LB, Lewis NG: The Arabidopsis phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene family: kinetic characterization of the four PAL isoforms. Phytochemistry. 2004 Jun;65(11):1557-64. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.05.006.
Pubmed: 15276452
Lin X, Kaul S, Rounsley S, Shea TP, Benito MI, Town CD, Fujii CY, Mason T, Bowman CL, Barnstead M, Feldblyum TV, Buell CR, Ketchum KA, Lee J, Ronning CM, Koo HL, Moffat KS, Cronin LA, Shen M, Pai G, Van Aken S, Umayam L, Tallon LJ, Gill JE, Adams MD, Carrera AJ, Creasy TH, Goodman HM, Somerville CR, Copenhaver GP, Preuss D, Nierman WC, White O, Eisen JA, Salzberg SL, Fraser CM, Venter JC: Sequence and analysis of chromosome 2 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature. 1999 Dec 16;402(6763):761-8. doi: 10.1038/45471.
Pubmed: 10617197
Lee D, Ellard M, Wanner LA, Davis KR, Douglas CJ: The Arabidopsis thaliana 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL) gene: stress and developmentally regulated expression and nucleotide sequence of its cDNA. Plant Mol Biol. 1995 Aug;28(5):871-84. doi: 10.1007/bf00042072.
Pubmed: 7640359
Ehlting J, Buttner D, Wang Q, Douglas CJ, Somssich IE, Kombrink E: Three 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligases in Arabidopsis thaliana represent two evolutionarily divergent classes in angiosperms. Plant J. 1999 Jul;19(1):9-20.
Pubmed: 10417722
Theologis A, Ecker JR, Palm CJ, Federspiel NA, Kaul S, White O, Alonso J, Altafi H, Araujo R, Bowman CL, Brooks SY, Buehler E, Chan A, Chao Q, Chen H, Cheuk RF, Chin CW, Chung MK, Conn L, Conway AB, Conway AR, Creasy TH, Dewar K, Dunn P, Etgu P, Feldblyum TV, Feng J, Fong B, Fujii CY, Gill JE, Goldsmith AD, Haas B, Hansen NF, Hughes B, Huizar L, Hunter JL, Jenkins J, Johnson-Hopson C, Khan S, Khaykin E, Kim CJ, Koo HL, Kremenetskaia I, Kurtz DB, Kwan A, Lam B, Langin-Hooper S, Lee A, Lee JM, Lenz CA, Li JH, Li Y, Lin X, Liu SX, Liu ZA, Luros JS, Maiti R, Marziali A, Militscher J, Miranda M, Nguyen M, Nierman WC, Osborne BI, Pai G, Peterson J, Pham PK, Rizzo M, Rooney T, Rowley D, Sakano H, Salzberg SL, Schwartz JR, Shinn P, Southwick AM, Sun H, Tallon LJ, Tambunga G, Toriumi MJ, Town CD, Utterback T, Van Aken S, Vaysberg M, Vysotskaia VS, Walker M, Wu D, Yu G, Fraser CM, Venter JC, Davis RW: Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature. 2000 Dec 14;408(6814):816-20. doi: 10.1038/35048500.
Pubmed: 11130712
Ruel K, Berrio-Sierra J, Derikvand MM, Pollet B, Thevenin J, Lapierre C, Jouanin L, Joseleau JP: Impact of CCR1 silencing on the assembly of lignified secondary walls in Arabidopsis thaliana. New Phytol. 2009;184(1):99-113. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02951.x. Epub 2009 Jul 20.
Pubmed: 19674336
Lauvergeat V, Lacomme C, Lacombe E, Lasserre E, Roby D, Grima-Pettenati J: Two cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) genes from Arabidopsis thaliana are differentially expressed during development and in response to infection with pathogenic bacteria. Phytochemistry. 2001 Aug;57(7):1187-95.
Pubmed: 11430991
Patten AM, Cardenas CL, Cochrane FC, Laskar DD, Bedgar DL, Davin LB, Lewis NG: Reassessment of effects on lignification and vascular development in the irx4 Arabidopsis mutant. Phytochemistry. 2005 Sep;66(17):2092-107. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.12.016.
Pubmed: 16153410
Bell-Lelong DA, Cusumano JC, Meyer K, Chapple C: Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase expression in Arabidopsis. Regulation in response to development and the environment. Plant Physiol. 1997 Mar;113(3):729-38. doi: 10.1104/pp.113.3.729.
Pubmed: 9085570
Mizutani M, Ohta D, Sato R: Isolation of a cDNA and a genomic clone encoding cinnamate 4-hydroxylase from Arabidopsis and its expression manner in planta. Plant Physiol. 1997 Mar;113(3):755-63. doi: 10.1104/pp.113.3.755.
Pubmed: 9085571
Kaneko T, Katoh T, Sato S, Nakamura Y, Asamizu E, Kotani H, Miyajima N, Tabata S: Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. IX. Sequence features of the regions of 1,011,550 bp covered by seventeen P1 and TAC clones. DNA Res. 1999 Jun 30;6(3):183-95. doi: 10.1093/dnares/6.3.183.
Pubmed: 10470850
Cheng CY, Krishnakumar V, Chan AP, Thibaud-Nissen F, Schobel S, Town CD: Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference genome. Plant J. 2017 Feb;89(4):789-804. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13415. Epub 2017 Feb 10.
Pubmed: 27862469
Hoffmann L, Besseau S, Geoffroy P, Ritzenthaler C, Meyer D, Lapierre C, Pollet B, Legrand M: Silencing of hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase affects phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Plant Cell. 2004 Jun;16(6):1446-65. doi: 10.1105/tpc.020297. Epub 2004 May 25.
Pubmed: 15161961
Highlighted elements will appear in red.
Highlight Compounds
Highlight Proteins
Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.
Visualize Compound Data
Visualize Protein Data
Downloads
Settings