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Pathway Description
Selenocompound Metabolism
Arabidopsis thaliana
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2020-07-10
Last Updated: 2023-10-28
The metabolism of selenium and its derived compounds begins with selenite, which enters plant cells through sulfate channels. Before it can enter the chloroplast to be further metabolised, with the help of thioredoxin reductase 2 it reacts with hydrogen ions to become hydrogen selenide, oxidizing NADPH in the process. Hydrogen selenide is then transported into the chloroplast, where it reacts with L-alanine and an oxidized electron acceptor to produce selenocysteine. This is then combined with O-succinyl-L-homoserine to produce selenocystathionine. Aided by cystathionine beta-lyase, selenocystathionine is then hydrolyzed and yields pyruvic acid and selenohomocysteine. After one more reaction involving 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-homocysteine methyltransferase 2, selenomethionine is produced. This is a form in which selenium is commonly found in vascular plants and can be further metabolised for different uses. Diphosporic acid, S-methyl-methionine, and methylselenic acid are all produced from selenomethionine by different chemical reactions. Although selenium is not considered essential for many vascular plants, and may even be harmful at high concentrations, its presence has been shown to aid in a number of biological processes, such as photosynthesis and maintenance of general cell function.
References
Selenocompound Metabolism References
Gupta, M., & Gupta, S. (2017). An Overview of Selenium Uptake, Metabolism, and Toxicity in Plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.02074
Ribeiro, D. M., Silva Júnior, D. D., Cardoso, F. B., Martins, A. O., Silva, W. A., Nascimento, V. L., and Araújo, W. L. (2016) Growth inhibition by selenium is associated with changes in primary metabolism and nutrient levels in Arabidopsis thaliana . Plant, Cell & Environment, 39: 2235– 2246. doi: 10.1111/pce.12783.
Kim J, Leustek T: Cloning and analysis of the gene for cystathionine gamma-synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol Biol. 1996 Dec;32(6):1117-24. doi: 10.1007/bf00041395.
Pubmed: 9002610
Ravanel S, Gakiere B, Job D, Douce R: Cystathionine gamma-synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana: purification and biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Biochem J. 1998 Apr 15;331 ( Pt 2):639-48. doi: 10.1042/bj3310639.
Pubmed: 9531508
Salanoubat M, Lemcke K, Rieger M, Ansorge W, Unseld M, Fartmann B, Valle G, Blocker H, Perez-Alonso M, Obermaier B, Delseny M, Boutry M, Grivell LA, Mache R, Puigdomenech P, De Simone V, Choisne N, Artiguenave F, Robert C, Brottier P, Wincker P, Cattolico L, Weissenbach J, Saurin W, Quetier F, Schafer M, Muller-Auer S, Gabel C, Fuchs M, Benes V, Wurmbach E, Drzonek H, Erfle H, Jordan N, Bangert S, Wiedelmann R, Kranz H, Voss H, Holland R, Brandt P, Nyakatura G, Vezzi A, D'Angelo M, Pallavicini A, Toppo S, Simionati B, Conrad A, Hornischer K, Kauer G, Lohnert TH, Nordsiek G, Reichelt J, Scharfe M, Schon O, Bargues M, Terol J, Climent J, Navarro P, Collado C, Perez-Perez A, Ottenwalder B, Duchemin D, Cooke R, Laudie M, Berger-Llauro C, Purnelle B, Masuy D, de Haan M, Maarse AC, Alcaraz JP, Cottet A, Casacuberta E, Monfort A, Argiriou A, flores M, Liguori R, Vitale D, Mannhaupt G, Haase D, Schoof H, Rudd S, Zaccaria P, Mewes HW, Mayer KF, Kaul S, Town CD, Koo HL, Tallon LJ, Jenkins J, Rooney T, Rizzo M, Walts A, Utterback T, Fujii CY, Shea TP, Creasy TH, Haas B, Maiti R, Wu D, Peterson J, Van Aken S, Pai G, Militscher J, Sellers P, Gill JE, Feldblyum TV, Preuss D, Lin X, Nierman WC, Salzberg SL, White O, Venter JC, Fraser CM, Kaneko T, Nakamura Y, Sato S, Kato T, Asamizu E, Sasamoto S, Kimura T, Idesawa K, Kawashima K, Kishida Y, Kiyokawa C, Kohara M, Matsumoto M, Matsuno A, Muraki A, Nakayama S, Nakazaki N, Shinpo S, Takeuchi C, Wada T, Watanabe A, Yamada M, Yasuda M, Tabata S: Sequence and analysis of chromosome 3 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature. 2000 Dec 14;408(6814):820-2. doi: 10.1038/35048706.
Pubmed: 11130713
Leon S, Touraine B, Briat JF, Lobreaux S: The AtNFS2 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a NifS-like plastidial cysteine desulphurase. Biochem J. 2002 Sep 1;366(Pt 2):557-64. doi: 10.1042/BJ20020322.
Pubmed: 12033984
Pilon-Smits EA, Garifullina GF, Abdel-Ghany S, Kato S, Mihara H, Hale KL, Burkhead JL, Esaki N, Kurihara T, Pilon M: Characterization of a NifS-like chloroplast protein from Arabidopsis. Implications for its role in sulfur and selenium metabolism. Plant Physiol. 2002 Nov;130(3):1309-18. doi: 10.1104/pp.102.010280.
Pubmed: 12427997
Theologis A, Ecker JR, Palm CJ, Federspiel NA, Kaul S, White O, Alonso J, Altafi H, Araujo R, Bowman CL, Brooks SY, Buehler E, Chan A, Chao Q, Chen H, Cheuk RF, Chin CW, Chung MK, Conn L, Conway AB, Conway AR, Creasy TH, Dewar K, Dunn P, Etgu P, Feldblyum TV, Feng J, Fong B, Fujii CY, Gill JE, Goldsmith AD, Haas B, Hansen NF, Hughes B, Huizar L, Hunter JL, Jenkins J, Johnson-Hopson C, Khan S, Khaykin E, Kim CJ, Koo HL, Kremenetskaia I, Kurtz DB, Kwan A, Lam B, Langin-Hooper S, Lee A, Lee JM, Lenz CA, Li JH, Li Y, Lin X, Liu SX, Liu ZA, Luros JS, Maiti R, Marziali A, Militscher J, Miranda M, Nguyen M, Nierman WC, Osborne BI, Pai G, Peterson J, Pham PK, Rizzo M, Rooney T, Rowley D, Sakano H, Salzberg SL, Schwartz JR, Shinn P, Southwick AM, Sun H, Tallon LJ, Tambunga G, Toriumi MJ, Town CD, Utterback T, Van Aken S, Vaysberg M, Vysotskaia VS, Walker M, Wu D, Yu G, Fraser CM, Venter JC, Davis RW: Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature. 2000 Dec 14;408(6814):816-20. doi: 10.1038/35048500.
Pubmed: 11130712
Cheng CY, Krishnakumar V, Chan AP, Thibaud-Nissen F, Schobel S, Town CD: Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference genome. Plant J. 2017 Feb;89(4):789-804. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13415. Epub 2017 Feb 10.
Pubmed: 27862469
Yamada K, Lim J, Dale JM, Chen H, Shinn P, Palm CJ, Southwick AM, Wu HC, Kim C, Nguyen M, Pham P, Cheuk R, Karlin-Newmann G, Liu SX, Lam B, Sakano H, Wu T, Yu G, Miranda M, Quach HL, Tripp M, Chang CH, Lee JM, Toriumi M, Chan MM, Tang CC, Onodera CS, Deng JM, Akiyama K, Ansari Y, Arakawa T, Banh J, Banno F, Bowser L, Brooks S, Carninci P, Chao Q, Choy N, Enju A, Goldsmith AD, Gurjal M, Hansen NF, Hayashizaki Y, Johnson-Hopson C, Hsuan VW, Iida K, Karnes M, Khan S, Koesema E, Ishida J, Jiang PX, Jones T, Kawai J, Kamiya A, Meyers C, Nakajima M, Narusaka M, Seki M, Sakurai T, Satou M, Tamse R, Vaysberg M, Wallender EK, Wong C, Yamamura Y, Yuan S, Shinozaki K, Davis RW, Theologis A, Ecker JR: Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome. Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):842-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1088305.
Pubmed: 14593172
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