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Succinate
dehydrogenase
[ubiquinone]
flavoprotein
subunit,
mitochondrial
Succinate
dehydrogenase
[ubiquinone]
iron-sulfur
subunit,
mitochondrial
Succinate
dehydrogenase
cytochrome b560
subunit,
mitochondrial
Succinate
dehydrogenase
[ubiquinone]
cytochrome b
small subunit,
mitochondrial
Cyclic
AMP-dependent
transcription
factor ATF-3
NF-kappa-B
inhibitor zeta
Kelch-like
ECH-associated
protein 1
NRF2
Nuclear factor
erythroid
2-related
factor 2
Hypoxia-
inducible
factor 1-alpha
Hypoxia-
inducible
factor 1-alpha
Heme oxygenase
1
Toll-like
receptor 4
Solute carrier
family 2,
facilitated
glucose
transporter
member 2
Voltage-
dependent
anion-selective
channel protein
2
Pyruvate
carboxylase,
mitochondrial
Itaconate
mitochondrial
transporter
Itaconate
mitochondrial
transporter
Itaconate
nuclear
transporter
Nuclear pore
Nuclear
transport
receptor
ROS
mitochondrial
transporter
ROS
mitochondrial
transporter
citrate
synthase
Aconitate
hydratase,
mitochondrial
Aconitate
hydratase,
mitochondrial
Cis-aconitate
decarboxylase
Malate
dehydrogenase,
mitochondrial
Fumarate
hydratase,
mitochondrial
Pyruvate
dehydrogenase
E1 component
subunit alpha,
somatic form,
mitochondrial
Pyruvate
dehydrogenase
E1 component
subunit beta,
mitochondrial
Dihydrolipoyllysine-
residue
acetyltransferase
component of
pyruvate
dehydrogenase
complex,
mitochondrial
Dihydrolipoyl
dehydrogenase,
mitochondrial
Succinyl-CoA
ligase
[ADP/GDP-
forming]
subunit alpha,
mitochondrial
Succinyl-CoA
ligase
[GDP-forming]
subunit beta,
mitochondrial
Probable
2-oxoglutarate
dehydrogenase
E1 component
DHKTD1,
mitochondrial
Dihydrolipoyllysine-
residue
succinyltransferase
component of
2-oxoglutarate
dehydrogenase
complex,
mitochondrial
Dihydrolipoyl
dehydrogenase,
mitochondrial
Isocitrate
dehydrogenase
[NAD] subunit
alpha,
mitochondrial
Isocitrate
dehydrogenase
[NAD] subunit
beta,
mitochondrial
Isocitrate
dehydrogenase
[NAD] subunit
gamma,
mitochondrial
Itaconic acid
Itaconic acid
Itaconic acid
Glutathione
Lipopolysaccharide
D-Glucose
pyruvate
D-Glucose
pyruvate
pyruvate
Itaconic acid
Itaconic acid
Acetyl-CoA
H
2
O
Oxaloacetate
Citrate
CoA
cis-Aconitic
acid
H
2
O
H
2
O
Isocitric acid
CO
2
Malate
NAD
NADH
H
+
Fumaric acid
H
2
O
CoA
NADP
CO
2
NADPH
Succinic acid
ATP
CoA
Succinyl-CoA
ADP
P
i
Oxoglutaric
acid
NAD
CoA
NADH
H
+
CO
2
NAD
CO
2
NADH
H
+
Hydroquinone
Quinone
FAD
2Fe-2S
Biotin
Manganese
4Fe-4S
4Fe-4S
Thiamine
pyrophosphate
Lipoamide
Magnesium
Reactive oxygen
species
Reactive oxygen
species
Reactive oxygen
species
Activation of
pro-
inflammatory
genes for IL-6,
IL-10, IL1β and
TNFα
IL-6
Heme
oxygenase-1
Glutathione
IL-1β
Glycolysis
Transcription/Translation
Macrophage M2
polarization
FAD
Thiamine
pyrophosphate
Lipoamide
FAD
Intermembrane space
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Mitochondria
Macrophage
Nucleus
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Intermembrane space
Cytosol
ROS scavenging
TCA Cycle