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Pathway Description
Serine Biosynthesis and Metabolism
Escherichia coli O55:H7 str. CB9615
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2024-11-12
Last Updated: 2024-11-12
Serine biosynthesis is a major metabolic pathway in E. coli. Its end product, serine, is not only used in protein synthesis, but also as a precursor for the biosynthesis of glycine, cysteine, tryptophan, and phospholipids. In addition, it directly or indirectly serves as a source of one-carbon units for the biosynthesis of various compounds.
The biosynthesis of serine starts with 3-phosphoglyceric acid being metabolized by a NAD driven D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase / α-ketoglutarate reductase resulting in the release of a NADH, a hydrogen ion and a phosphohydroxypyruvic acid. The latter compound then interacts with an L-glutamic acid through a 3-phosphoserine aminotransferase / phosphohydroxythreonine aminotransferase resulting in oxoglutaric acid and DL-D-phosphoserine.
The DL-D-phosphoserine can also be imported into the cytoplasm through a phosphonate ABC transporter. The DL-D-phosphoserine is dephosphorylated by interacting with a water molecule through a phosphoserine phosphatase resulting in the release of a phosphate and an L-serine
L-serine is then metabolized by being dehydrated through either a L-serine dehydratase 2 or a L-serine dehydratase 1 resulting in the release of a water molecule, a hydrogen ion and a 2-aminoacrylic acid. The latter compound is an isomer of a 2-iminopropanoate which reacts spontaneously with a water molecule and a hydrogen ion resulting in the release of Ammonium and pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid then interacts with a coenzyme A through a NAD driven pyruvate dehydrogenase complex resulting in the release of a NADH, a carbon dioxide and an acetyl-CoA.
References
Serine Biosynthesis and Metabolism References
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Drewke C, Klein M, Clade D, Arenz A, Muller R, Leistner E: 4-O-phosphoryl-L-threonine, a substrate of the pdxC(serC) gene product involved in vitamin B6 biosynthesis. FEBS Lett. 1996 Jul 22;390(2):179-82. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00652-7.
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Hansen KR, Resta R, Webb CF, Thompson LF: Isolation and characterization of the promoter of the human 5'-nucleotidase (CD73)-encoding gene. Gene. 1995 Dec 29;167(1-2):307-12. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00574-9.
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Neuwald AF, Stauffer GV: DNA sequence and characterization of the Escherichia coli serB gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Oct 11;13(19):7025-39. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.19.7025.
Pubmed: 2997734
Burland V, Plunkett G 3rd, Sofia HJ, Daniels DL, Blattner FR: Analysis of the Escherichia coli genome VI: DNA sequence of the region from 92.8 through 100 minutes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Jun 25;23(12):2105-19. doi: 10.1093/nar/23.12.2105.
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Su HS, Lang BF, Newman EB: L-serine degradation in Escherichia coli K-12: cloning and sequencing of the sdaA gene. J Bacteriol. 1989 Sep;171(9):5095-102. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.9.5095-5102.1989.
Pubmed: 2504697
Su H, Moniakis J, Newman EB: Use of gene fusions of the structural gene sdaA to purify L-serine deaminase 1 from Escherichia coli K-12. Eur J Biochem. 1993 Feb 1;211(3):521-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17578.x.
Pubmed: 8436113
Itoh T, Aiba H, Baba T, Hayashi K, Inada T, Isono K, Kasai H, Kimura S, Kitakawa M, Kitagawa M, Makino K, Miki T, Mizobuchi K, Mori H, Mori T, Motomura K, Nakade S, Nakamura Y, Nashimoto H, Nishio Y, Oshima T, Saito N, Sampei G, Seki Y, Horiuchi T, et al.: A 460-kb DNA sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome corresponding to the 40.1-50.0 min region on the linkage map. DNA Res. 1996 Dec 31;3(6):379-92. doi: 10.1093/dnares/3.6.379.
Pubmed: 9097040
Shao Z, Newman EB: Sequencing and characterization of the sdaB gene from Escherichia coli K-12. Eur J Biochem. 1993 Mar 15;212(3):777-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17718.x.
Pubmed: 8385012
Chen CM, Ye QZ, Zhu ZM, Wanner BL, Walsh CT: Molecular biology of carbon-phosphorus bond cleavage. Cloning and sequencing of the phn (psiD) genes involved in alkylphosphonate uptake and C-P lyase activity in Escherichia coli B. J Biol Chem. 1990 Mar 15;265(8):4461-71.
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Makino K, Kim SK, Shinagawa H, Amemura M, Nakata A: Molecular analysis of the cryptic and functional phn operons for phosphonate use in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1991 Apr;173(8):2665-72. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.8.2665-2672.1991.
Pubmed: 1840580
Rizk SS, Cuneo MJ, Hellinga HW: Identification of cognate ligands for the Escherichia coli phnD protein product and engineering of a reagentless fluorescent biosensor for phosphonates. Protein Sci. 2006 Jul;15(7):1745-51. doi: 10.1110/ps.062135206. Epub 2006 Jun 2.
Pubmed: 16751609
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000829
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