PathBank

Pathway Description

L-Carnitine Degradation I

Escherichia coli O157:H7

Category:

Metabolite Pathway

Sub-Category:

Metabolic

Created: 2025-02-08

Last Updated: 2025-06-17

L-Carnitine can stimulate anaerobic growth of E.coli when exogenous electron acceptors (i.e. nitrate, etc.) are absent. During anaerobic growth, E.coli can reduce L-carnitine to Î³-butyrobetaine by CoA-linked intermediates when carbon and nitrogen are present in the system. Therefore, L-carnitine may act as external electron acceptor for anaerobic growth as well as generation of an osmoprotectant for cell.

References

L-Carnitine Degradation I References

Eichler K, Bourgis F, Buchet A, Kleber HP, Mandrand-Berthelot MA: Molecular characterization of the cai operon necessary for carnitine metabolism in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol. 1994 Sep;13(5):775-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00470.x.

Pubmed: 7815937

Yura T, Mori H, Nagai H, Nagata T, Ishihama A, Fujita N, Isono K, Mizobuchi K, Nakata A: Systematic sequencing of the Escherichia coli genome: analysis of the 0-2.4 min region. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Jul 11;20(13):3305-8. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.13.3305.

Pubmed: 1630901

Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.

Pubmed: 9278503

Eichler K, Schunck WH, Kleber HP, Mandrand-Berthelot MA: Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of the Escherichia coli gene encoding carnitine dehydratase. J Bacteriol. 1994 May;176(10):2970-5. doi: 10.1128/jb.176.10.2970-2975.1994.

Pubmed: 8188598

This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz - Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.

Propagated from SMP0002051

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Visualize Compound Data

		3-Dehydroxycarnitine
		Adenosine monophosphate
		Adenosine triphosphate
		Coenzyme A
		Crotonoβinyl-CoA
		diphosphate
		L-Carnitine
		L-Carnitinyl-CoA
		Water
		γ-Butyroβinyl-CoA

Visualize Protein Data

		Carnitinyl-CoA dehydratase
		Crotonobetainyl-CoA dehydrogenase
		Crotonobetainyl-CoA:carnitine CoA-transferase
		L-carnitine/gamma-butyrobetaine antiporter
		Probable crotonobetaine/carnitine-CoA ligase