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Pathway Description
L-Carnitine Degradation I
Escherichia coli
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2015-10-07
Last Updated: 2025-07-22
L-Carnitine can stimulate anaerobic growth of E.coli when exogenous electron acceptors (i.e. nitrate, etc.) are absent. During anaerobic growth, E.coli can reduce L-carnitine to γ-butyrobetaine by CoA-linked intermediates when carbon and nitrogen are present in the system. Therefore, L-carnitine may act as external electron acceptor for anaerobic growth as well as generation of an osmoprotectant for cell.
References
L-Carnitine Degradation I References
Eichler K, Bourgis F, Buchet A, Kleber HP, Mandrand-Berthelot MA: Molecular characterization of the cai operon necessary for carnitine metabolism in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol. 1994 Sep;13(5):775-86.
Pubmed: 7815937
Eichler K, Bourgis F, Buchet A, Kleber HP, Mandrand-Berthelot MA: Molecular characterization of the cai operon necessary for carnitine metabolism in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol. 1994 Sep;13(5):775-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00470.x.
Pubmed: 7815937
Yura T, Mori H, Nagai H, Nagata T, Ishihama A, Fujita N, Isono K, Mizobuchi K, Nakata A: Systematic sequencing of the Escherichia coli genome: analysis of the 0-2.4 min region. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Jul 11;20(13):3305-8. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.13.3305.
Pubmed: 1630901
Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.
Pubmed: 9278503
Eichler K, Schunck WH, Kleber HP, Mandrand-Berthelot MA: Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of the Escherichia coli gene encoding carnitine dehydratase. J Bacteriol. 1994 May;176(10):2970-5. doi: 10.1128/jb.176.10.2970-2975.1994.
Pubmed: 8188598
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0002051
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