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Pathway Description
Lysine Degradation
Escherichia coli
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2015-02-08
Last Updated: 2025-05-08
Lysine is an essential amino acid used in protein synthesis. Lysine can be transported into the cell by probable cadaverine (also known as lysine antiporter). Once inside the cell, lysine is decarboxylated by lysine decarboxylase to cadaverine. Cadaverine can then exit the cell via the same type of transporter as lysine (probable cadaverine). Alternatively, lysine can be produced during lysine biosynthesis (from aspartic acid) inside the cell and used in the same pathway.
References
Lysine Degradation References
Foster JW: Escherichia coli acid resistance: tales of an amateur acidophile. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2004 Nov;2(11):898-907. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1021.
Pubmed: 15494746
Moreau PL: The lysine decarboxylase CadA protects Escherichia coli starved of phosphate against fermentation acids. J Bacteriol. 2007 Mar;189(6):2249-61. doi: 10.1128/JB.01306-06. Epub 2007 Jan 5.
Pubmed: 17209032
Neidhardt FC, Curtiss III R, Ingraham JL, Lin ECC, Low Jr KB, Magasanik B, Reznikoff WS, Riley M, Schaechter M, Umbarger HE. Escherichia coli and Salmonella, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Second Edition. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 1996.
Knorr S, Sinn M, Galetskiy D, Williams RM, Wang C, Muller N, Mayans O, Schleheck D, Hartig JS: Widespread bacterial lysine degradation proceeding via glutarate and L-2-hydroxyglutarate. Nat Commun. 2018 Nov 29;9(1):5071. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07563-6.
Pubmed: 30498244
Kikuchi Y, Kojima H, Tanaka T, Takatsuka Y, Kamio Y: Characterization of a second lysine decarboxylase isolated from Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1997 Jul;179(14):4486-92. doi: 10.1128/jb.179.14.4486-4492.1997.
Pubmed: 9226257
Yamamoto Y, Miwa Y, Miyoshi K, Furuyama J, Ohmori H: The Escherichia coli ldcC gene encodes another lysine decarboxylase, probably a constitutive enzyme. Genes Genet Syst. 1997 Jun;72(3):167-72.
Pubmed: 9339543
Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.
Pubmed: 9278503
Meng SY, Bennett GN: Nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli cad operon: a system for neutralization of low extracellular pH. J Bacteriol. 1992 Apr;174(8):2659-69. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.8.2659-2669.1992.
Pubmed: 1556085
Burland V, Plunkett G 3rd, Sofia HJ, Daniels DL, Blattner FR: Analysis of the Escherichia coli genome VI: DNA sequence of the region from 92.8 through 100 minutes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Jun 25;23(12):2105-19. doi: 10.1093/nar/23.12.2105.
Pubmed: 7610040
Watson N, Dunyak DS, Rosey EL, Slonczewski JL, Olson ER: Identification of elements involved in transcriptional regulation of the Escherichia coli cad operon by external pH. J Bacteriol. 1992 Jan;174(2):530-40. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.2.530-540.1992.
Pubmed: 1370290
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000795
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