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Pathway Description
Hexuronide and Hexuronate Degradation
Escherichia coli
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2015-04-02
Last Updated: 2024-12-28
Beta-D-glucuronosides, D-glucuronate and D-fructuronate can be used as a source of carbon for E.coli. They are imported into E.coli's periplasmic space by membrane-associated protein (UidC/gusC), and are further imported into cytoplasm by hydrogen symporter. Beta-glucuronides undergoes hydrolysis by beta-D-glucuronidase to form D-glucuronate. D-glucuronate is isomerized by D-glucuronate isomerase to form D-fructuronate. D-fructuronate is further reduced to D-mannonate by D-mannonate oxidoreductase. D-mannonate dehydratase dehydrated to yield 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate. At this point, a common enzyme, 2-keto-3-deoxygluconokinase, phosphorylates 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate to yield 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate-6-phosphate. This product is then process by KHG/KDPG aldolase which in turn produces D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and Pyruvic Acid which then go into their respective sub pathways: glycolysis and pyruvate dehydrogenase. The pathway can also start from 3 other points: a hydrogen ion symporter (gluconate/fructuronate transporter GntP) of D-fructuronate, a hydrogen ion symporter (Hexuronate transporter) of aldehydo-D-galacturonate that spontaneously turns into D-tagaturonate. This compound can also be obtained by the reaction of aldehydo-L-galactonate with a NAD dependent l-galactonate oxidoreductase resulting in the release of NADH, hydrogen ion. Tagaturonate then undergoes an NADH-dependent reduction to D-altronate through an altronate oxidoreductase. D-altronate undergoes dehydration to yield 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate, the third and last point where the reaction can start from a hydrogen symporter of a 2-dehydro-3-deoy-D-gluconate.
References
Hexuronide and Hexuronate Degradation References
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Dreyer JL: The role of iron in the activation of mannonic and altronic acid hydratases, two Fe-requiring hydro-lyases. Eur J Biochem. 1987 Aug 3;166(3):623-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13559.x.
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Sofia HJ, Burland V, Daniels DL, Plunkett G 3rd, Blattner FR: Analysis of the Escherichia coli genome. V. DNA sequence of the region from 76.0 to 81.5 minutes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Jul 11;22(13):2576-86. doi: 10.1093/nar/22.13.2576.
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Egan SE, Fliege R, Tong S, Shibata A, Wolf RE Jr, Conway T: Molecular characterization of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway in Escherichia coli: sequence analysis and localization of promoters for the edd-eda operon. J Bacteriol. 1992 Jul;174(14):4638-46. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.14.4638-4646.1992.
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Vlahos CJ, Dekker EE: The complete amino acid sequence and identification of the active-site arginine peptide of Escherichia coli 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate aldolase. J Biol Chem. 1988 Aug 25;263(24):11683-91.
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Patil RV, Dekker EE: Cloning, nucleotide sequence, overexpression, and inactivation of the Escherichia coli 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate aldolase gene. J Bacteriol. 1992 Jan;174(1):102-7. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.1.102-107.1992.
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Plunkett G 3rd, Burland V, Daniels DL, Blattner FR: Analysis of the Escherichia coli genome. III. DNA sequence of the region from 87.2 to 89.2 minutes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Jul 25;21(15):3391-8. doi: 10.1093/nar/21.15.3391.
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Perna NT, Plunkett G 3rd, Burland V, Mau B, Glasner JD, Rose DJ, Mayhew GF, Evans PS, Gregor J, Kirkpatrick HA, Posfai G, Hackett J, Klink S, Boutin A, Shao Y, Miller L, Grotbeck EJ, Davis NW, Lim A, Dimalanta ET, Potamousis KD, Apodaca J, Anantharaman TS, Lin J, Yen G, Schwartz DC, Welch RA, Blattner FR: Genome sequence of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Nature. 2001 Jan 25;409(6819):529-33. doi: 10.1038/35054089.
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Pubmed: 11258796
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000854
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