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Matched Description: key step in proper circadian rhythm. Heterodimerization of clock proteins PER and CRY is required for … (CK1). Once in the nucleus, PER and CRY proteins appear to differentially inhibit the transactivation … by CLOCK/BMAL1. Proteins like REV-ERBa and DEC also regulate the transcriptional activation by CLOCK … /BMAL1. In addition, CRY, PER, and BMAL1-CLOCK play bidirectional roles in transcription resulting in … interactivating feedback loops. The expression of BMAL1 and CLOCK can be upregulated by CRY and PER

Matched Description: of energy and inhibits the breakdown of high energy metabolites. Glycogen and lipid biosynthesis are … upregulated, and conversely, glycogen and fatty acid metabolism are down-regulated. Insulin also … modulates transcription and translation. Binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (IR) results in … activation leads to the activation of H-Ras, MAPK1-3, and PI3-kinase pathways. The activation of these … pathways leads to modulation of key proteins in glycogen metabolism/lipid metabolism and transcription/translation.

Matched Description: of energy and inhibits the breakdown of high energy metabolites. Glycogen and lipid biosynthesis are … upregulated, and conversely, glycogen and fatty acid metabolism are down-regulated. Insulin also … modulates transcription and translation. Binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (IR) results in … activation leads to the activation of H-Ras, MAPK1-3, and PI3-kinase pathways. The activation of these … pathways leads to modulation of key proteins in glycogen metabolism/lipid metabolism and transcription/translation.

Matched Description: -threonine interacts with a threonine dehydratase biosynthetic releasing water, a hydrogen ion and (2Z)-2 … -aminobut-2-enoate. This compound is isomerized into a 2-iminobutanoate which interacts with water and a … hydrogen ion spontaneously, resulting in the release of ammonium and 2-ketobutyric acid. This … compound reacts with pyruvic acid and hydrogen ion through an acetohydroxybutanoate synthase … / acetolactate synthase 2 resulting in carbon dioxide and (S)-2-Aceto-2-hydroxybutanoic acid. The latter

Matched Description: It was first authorized for use in the US in November 2001 and in Europe in April 2002. Shown to be … effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria … action. It works by binding to and inhibiting bacterial penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).5 In … Escherichia coli, it has a strong affinity toward PBPs 1a, 1b, 2, 3, 4 and 5 with preferential binding … to PBPs 2 and 3.5 Upon binding to PBPs, ertapenem inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by

Matched Description: was first authorized for use in the US in November 2001 and in Europe in April 2002. Shown to be … effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria … . It works by binding to and inhibiting bacterial penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).5 In Escherichia … coli, it has a strong affinity toward PBPs 1a, 1b, 2, 3, 4 and 5 with preferential binding to PBPs 2 … and 3.5 Upon binding to PBPs, ertapenem inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by interfering with

Matched Description: pain relief and adjunctive to an anaesthetic. Remifentanil is a specific mu-type-opioid receptor … agonist which means it reduces sympathetic nervous system tone, and causes respiratory depression and … G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface … voltage-operated calcium channels and open calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels … . This results in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability. Remifentanil acts at A delta

Matched Description: treatment of colon cancer and minimal residual disease. Piritramide binds to mu, kappa, and delta … -protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the … , and noradrenaline is inhibited. Opioids close N-type voltage-operated calcium channels and open … calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels. This results in hyperpolarization and reduced … neuronal excitability. Morphine acts at A delta and C pain fibres in the dorsal horn of the spinal

Matched Description: Celiprolol is a beta-blocker for the management of hypertension and angina pectoris. It is … simultaneously a selective β1 receptor antagonist, a β2 receptor partial agonist and a weak α2 receptor … lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patients at rest and on exercise. The effects on heart rate and … conditions of stress such as exercise, celiprolol attenuates chronotropic and inotropic responses to … calcium and muscle relaxation, therefore altering the heart rate. Celiprolol is administered as an

Matched Description: clinically as an antihypertensive. It is selective for vasculature and does not produce effects on the … opening of voltage dependent calcium channels and an influx of calcium into the cell ultimately … producing contraction. Manidipine binds to and dissociates slowly from L- and T-type voltage dependent … calcium channels on smooth muscle cells, blocking the entrance of extracellular calcium into the cell and … produces renal vasodilation and an increase in natriuresis. This likely contributes to the