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Matched Description: production of this essential electron carrier, which plays a central role in anaerobic and aerobic … -succinylbenzoate synthase, and other enzymes. OSB is then ligated with Coenzyme A (CoA) to form o … -succinylbenzoyl-CoA, which undergoes cyclization and further modifications, including the attachment of a … , by shuttling electrons between membrane-bound complexes and facilitating proton motive force … generation. This pathway is particularly significant in Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus and

Matched Description: The dnaKJ operon in E. coli contains two genes which produce two chaperone and heat shock proteins … protein is produced when the bacteria is exposed to heat or other stress, and allows other heat shock … synthesized proteins and prevents them from aggregating before folding can occur. It can also bind to … proteins that are transported across the cell membrane, as they remain unfolded until they are in place and … unfolding and aggregation. Hsp70 can bind to these proteins, preventing aggregation and allowing proper

Matched Description: operon, which encodes the precursor peptide NisA, modification enzymes, transporters, and regulatory … upregulation and increasing Nisin production. At the same time, nisin disrupts the cell membranes of competing … peptidoglycan synthesis, thereby inhibiting cell wall formation and inducing cell death. This disruption not … reduces population competition and consequently, the producer species can develop more robust … biofilms, which serve as protective communities that further promote nisin synthesis and confer

Matched Description: oxoglutaric acid and UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinopyranose The latter compound interacts with … a tetrahydrofolate, a hydrogen ion and a UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose, which in … turn reacts with a product of the methylerythritol phosphate and polysoprenoid biosynthesis pathway … ditrans, octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate hypothetically reacts with water and results in the release … of a formic acid and 4-amino-4-deoxy-α-L-arabinopyranosyl ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate

Matched Description: who are not of reproductive potential. By binding and inhibiting CYP51, oteseconazole is active … parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Candida lusitaniae and Candida dubliniensis. Unlike previous-generation … azole antifungals, oteseconazole has a high selectivity for CYP51 and little interaction with human … thereby increasing fluidity and preventing growth of new cells. This leads to cell lysis which causes … it to collapse and die.Because of its ability to bind and inhibit CYP51, oteseconazole is active

Matched Description: is also more likely to be used for pulmonary and extrapulmonary blastomycosis, histoplasmosis … , aspergillosis, and onychomycosis, but not much is known of the fungi species in those infections … of lanosterol with 3 oxygen and 3 NADPH to become 4,4-Dimethylcholesta-8,14,24-trienol with … byproducts of formic acid, 4 hydrogen ions, 4 water, and 3 NADP+. This reaction is the first step in the … biosynthesis of ergosterol which resides on fungi cell membranes and is integral to cell membrane

Matched Description: ABC or SLC transporters like ABCB1 and works by forming a complex with FKBP12 with inhibits … calcineurin with leads to reduced T cell signal transduction and IL-2 transcription. IL-2 is an important … mediator for T-cell activation, differentiation and migration which is through mTOR signalling. Lower … IL-2 production and signal transduction leads to less activated immune cells leading to a weaker … immune system. Cyclosporin A also inhibits the transcription for genes encoding IL-3,4,5, GM-SCF, and

Matched Description: variety of skin fungal infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, and ringworm.It is used to … treat a number of different yeasts and dermatophytes such as T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, T. tonsurans … , T. violaceum, E. floccosum, M. canis, M. audouini, M. gypseum, C. albicans, and M. furfur. It is … diffusing into the cell. Oxiconazole inhibits both lanosterol synthase and lanosterol 14-alpha … increasing fluidity and preventing growth of new cells. This causes the cell to collapse and die.

Matched Description: Bictegravir is an integrase inhibitor used to treat HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. Bictegravir is … of three months without a history of failure in treatment and no known factors associated with the … antiviral activity against HIV-2 and various subtypes of HIV-1. It is used in combination with … tenofovir and emtricitabine. Bictegravir is transported into the infected cell then transported into the … integrated into the host DNA. This prevents viral replication and further progression of the virus. It

Matched Description: channels and typically used to treat ventricular arrhythmias. It is used to treat conditions including … sustained ventricular tachycardia, ventricular pre-excitation and cardiac dysrhythmias. Tocainide is … ventricular arrhythmias. Tocainide, like lidocaine, produces dose dependent decreases in sodium and … man similar to those of lidocaine, but dissimilar from quinidine, procainamide, and … anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties. Side effects of tocainide include nausea, vomiting, headaches, feeling dizzy, or feeling hot and flushed.