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Matched Description: Plastoquinol-9 biosynthesis is a pathway that begins in the cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum and … ends in the chloroplast by which L-tyrosine and geranylgeranyl diphosphate become plastoquinol-9 … , ubiquinone analogs and benzoquinone electron carriers. The subpathway that synthesizes homogentisate … endoplasmic reticulum and the single reaction is catalyzed by solanesyl diphosphate which requires a … , homogentisate solanesyltransferase catalyzes the conversion of solanesyl diphosphate and

Matched Description: alpha-Linolenic acid is a poly-unsaturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain and three cis double … , heat acclimation, and oxidative stress. alpha-Linolenic acid is released from the hydrolysis of a … alpha-linolenic acid to 13(S)-HPOT is the first step in the jasmonic acid synthesis and leads to … that separate pathway. 2(R)-HPOT is formed in an oil body and undergoes a spontaneous decarboxylation … to form a heptadecatrienal. 9(S)-HPOT, or 13(S)-HPOT are both formed in a chloroplast and cleaved

Matched Description: molecules. It is produced by some plants, bacteria, fungi and invertebrates, and can be used as a … source of energy, such as for flight in insects, and as a survival mechanism to avoid freezing and … stream, and is transported to liver hepatocytes. Once in the liver, glucokinase can use the energy and

Matched Description: -dimensional conformation) and DNA repairs. During these processes, DNA topoisomerase I creates reversible … single-stranded breaks in DNA, allowing intact single DNA strands to pass through the break and … relieve the topologic constraints. After DNA is sufficiently relaxed and the strand passage reaction is … . Topotecan binds to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and prevents the religation of the single strand … breaks and of any breaks in the DNA. This ternary complex interferes with the moving replication

Matched Description: under the brand names Gilurytmal, Ritmos, and Aritmina. An alkaloid found in the root of Rauwolfia … changing the shape and threshold of cardiac action potentials. Ajmaline produces potent sodium channel … blocking effects and a very short half-life which makes it a very useful drug for acute intravenous … fibrillation in patients with the Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome and in well tolerated monomorphic ventricular … the heart in cases of bundle branch block and syncope. In these cases, abnormal prolongation of the

Matched Description: molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli … to bind to and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). When they are … bound to GTP, they are 'on', and, when they are bound to GDP, they are 'off'. G proteins belong to … to a domain of the GPCR located outside the cell, and an intracellular GPCR domain then in turn … protein-coupled receptors and G proteins working together transmit signals from many hormones

Matched Description: molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli … to bind to and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). When they are … bound to GTP, they are 'on', and, when they are bound to GDP, they are 'off'. G proteins belong to … to a domain of the GPCR located outside the cell, and an intracellular GPCR domain then in turn … protein-coupled receptors and G proteins working together transmit signals from many hormones

Matched Description: as a carbon source and involves the conversion of benzoate into intermediates that can enter the … is activated by the benM gene which encodes for a transcriptional regulator and is outside of this … regulator, enhancing its ability to bind the promoter and facilitate RNA polymerase recruitment, thus … the catechil ortho-cleavage pathway and eventually feeds the TCA cycle. benB encodes benzoate 1,2 … operon is influenced by benK and benP which are also outside of the operon and encode for membrane

Matched Description: oxoglutaric acid and UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinopyranose The latter compound interacts with … a tetrahydrofolate, a hydrogen ion and a UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose, which in … turn reacts with a product of the methylerythritol phosphate and polysoprenoid biosynthesis pathway … ditrans, octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate hypothetically reacts with water and results in the release … of a formic acid and 4-amino-4-deoxy-α-L-arabinopyranosyl ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate

Matched Description: -galacturonate, a major component of pectin, as a carbon and energy source. D-Galacturonate is … abundant in the cell walls of fruits and other plant tissues. Pectin is hydrolyzed by pectinolytic … pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, which can enter central metabolic pathways such as … glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle for energy production and biosynthesis. This degradation … pathway is particularly important for soil bacteria and plant pathogens, enabling them to thrive in