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Pathway Description
GnRH Signaling Pathway
Rattus norvegicus
Category:
Protein Pathway
Sub-Categories:
Protein/Peptide Hormone-Mediated
Developmental Signaling
Neurological Signaling
Kinase Signaling
Gene Regulatory
Cellular Response
Created: 2018-09-20
Last Updated: 2019-08-16
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a hypothalamic neuropeptide, is a main regulator of male and female reproductive function in mammals. GnRH is required for reproduction. GnRH is secreted from the hypothalamus and acts on G-protein coupled receptors in the anterior pituitary. GnRH regulates the production and release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) gonadotropins, controlling gametogenesis and steroidogenesis. Activated phospholipase C activates IP3 to release intracellular calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum thereby increasing cytoplasmic calcium. Diacylglycerol is also activated by phospholipase C to stimulate the PKC pathway. The PKC pathway leads to the activation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK. MAPKs are activated and translocate to the nucleus causing the transcription of gonadotropin genes. GnRH also activates G proteins causing the activation of adenylyl cyclase to generate cAMP. cAMP stimulates PKA to phosphorylate and activate transcription factors that translocate to the nucleus for gene transcription. GnRH also promotes secretion of metalloproteinases (MMPs) which regulate the transcription of gonadotropin subunit genes and the GnRHR gene via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. PKC induces the release of activated MMPs that mediate transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which may result in the modulation of gonadotropin subunit genes.
References
GnRH Signaling Pathway References
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This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0063811
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