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Matched Description: Bile acids are synthesized in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. After eating, bile acids are … . The bile acids, deoxycholic acid (DCA) and chenodeoxy cholic acid (CDCA), may interact with gap … receptor (FXR) and G-protein coupled BA receptor 1 (TGR5) and once they have crossed the blood brain … barrier, the bile acids may interact with these receptors. FXR is a regulator of secretion and … transport of bile acids. TGR5 receptor activation increases cAMP synthesis and activates the mitogen

Matched Description: of energy and inhibits the breakdown of high energy metabolites. Glycogen and lipid biosynthesis are … upregulated, and conversely, glycogen and fatty acid metabolism are down-regulated. Insulin also … modulates transcription and translation. Binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (IR) results in … activation leads to the activation of H-Ras, MAPK1-3, and PI3-kinase pathways. The activation of these … pathways leads to modulation of key proteins in glycogen metabolism/lipid metabolism and transcription/translation.

Matched Description: called H2RAs or H2 blockers, and was the first of this class to be discovered. H2 antagonist drugs … gastric parietal cells. This blocks histamine effects, resulting in reduced gastric acid secretion and a … reduction in gastric volume and acidity. Cimetidine also helps to block pepsin and gastrin output … , and due to the inhibition of gastric acid secretion, it is typically used to treat heartburn and … ulcers. Cimetidine also blocks the activity of cytochrome P-450 enzymes CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1 and

Matched Description: Pazopanib is an antineoplastic agent utilized for treating advanced renal cell cancer and advanced … growth factor receptors (PDGFR-alpha, PDGFR-beta), and c-kit, which are integral to the angiogenesis … pathway, pazopanib hinders tumor blood vessel formation, ultimately impeding tumor survival and … phosphorylation and exhibits anti-tumor effects, leading to a reduction in tumor blood flow, increased … tumor apoptosis, inhibited growth, and hypoxia in cancer cells. Although absorption is slow and

Matched Description: pancreas and regulates blood glucose levels. Medical treatment with insulin is indicated when there is … regulation of glucose levels in the body. It stimulates the storage of energy and inhibits the breakdown … of cells, with the maximum density being on the hepatic cells and adipocytes. The insulin receptor is … a heterotetrameric glycoprotein consisting of two subunits, the alpha and the beta subunits. The … synthesis, DNA synthesis, and cellular growth and differentiation. Once glucose gets absorbed from a

Matched Description: , free radicals, and UV irradiation. It can also respond to bacterial and viral antigens; therefore … and immune diseases (and more) can be related to the incorrect regulation of the NF-κB complex. The … ), and the noncanonical (or alternative) pathway, which selectively responds to a specific group of … stimuli, such as groups of ligands of a subset of TNFR superfamily members (e.g. LTβR, BAFFR, CD40 and … RANK). Both pathways are important for regulating immune and inflammatory responses despite their differences in signalling mechanism.

Matched Description: -sensitive Gi proteins. It is involved in organogenesis, hematopoiesis, and the immune response … . Chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) binds CXCR4. CXCR4 is also a co-receptor for HIV and is … adenylyl cyclase and activates tyrosine kinases, while activated guanine nucleotide binding protein beta … and gamma activate PI3K - regulating gene transcription, cell migration, and cell adhesion. PLC is … activated to cause the cleavage of PIP2 to IP3 and DG. This leads to the increase of calcium from the

Matched Description: episodes of psychotic disorders. It can also be used to control severe nausea and vomiting, severe … hiccups, and moderate to severe pain in some hospitalized patients. Triflupromazine acts on the central … dopamine D2 neurotransmitter receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and vomiting centre … . Triflupromazine blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine and the vagus nerve in the gastrointestinal tract … . Triflupromazine also binds the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1 and M2) and the tryptamine D

Matched Description: Aceprometazine is a is a drug with neuroleptic and anti-histamine properties. Although not widely … sedation by being able to cross the blood-brain-barrier and binding to H1-receptors in the central … nervous system. H1-antihistamines interfere with the agonist action of histamine at the H1 receptor and … rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria. H1-antihistamines act on H1 receptors in T-cells to … inhibit the immune response, in blood vessels to constrict dilated blood vessels, and in smooth

Matched Description: -sensitive Gi proteins. It is involved in organogenesis, hematopoiesis, and the immune response … . Chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) binds CXCR4. CXCR4 is also a co-receptor for HIV and is … adenylyl cyclase and activates tyrosine kinases, while activated guanine nucleotide binding protein beta … and gamma activate PI3K - regulating gene transcription, cell migration, and cell adhesion. PLC is … activated to cause the cleavage of PIP2 to IP3 and DG. This leads to the increase of calcium from the